首页
登录
职称英语
Controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1992 over the use o
Controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1992 over the use o
游客
2023-09-11
57
管理
问题
Controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1992 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.
DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.
The controversy in 1992 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo. Lewontin and Hartl called into question the methods used to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA. fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartlcalled for better surveys of DNA patterns within ethnic groups in order to determine whether the DNA fingerprinting methods are adequate.
In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1992, however, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences panel called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories. [br] When used in criminal investigation, DNA fingerprinting requires ______.
选项
A、some blood of the suspect
B、prints of the suspect’s fingers
C、hairs or blood found at the scene of the crime
D、both A and C
答案
D
解析
见文章第一段第3句以及第二段第2句,第一段中指出DNA存在于除血红细胞外的所有细胞中,符合选项A;同时结合第二段中的内容又被包含在选项C中。故应选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3003959.html
相关试题推荐
Chemistrydidnotemergeasascienceuntilafterthescientificrevolution
Chemistrydidnotemergeasascienceuntilafterthescientificrevolution
Chemistrydidnotemergeasascienceuntilafterthescientificrevolution
Chemistrydidnotemergeasascienceuntilafterthescientificrevolution
Theessenceofthescientificattitudeis______________________________.(人类一定能
Controversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1992overtheuseo
Controversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1992overtheuseo
Controversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1992overtheuseo
Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,natural
Untilrecently,theacquisitionofscientificliteracyandtheenlargemento
随机试题
TherealvictoryfortheparticipantsofMarathonraceis______.[br][origina
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:D
[originaltext]W:So,howarethingsgoing,Steve?M:Well,tobehonest,Carla,
WorldWaterShortageAnews
ShoppricesinJunefellatthefastest【C1】______ratesinceatleast2006as
B
某公司使用ASP开发商务网站,该商务网站具有商品介绍、会员管理、在线支付、物流管
活动排序的工具和技术有多种,工具和技术的选取由若干因素决定。如果项目经理决定在进
下列语句是命题的是()。 ①2x<1 ②x-3是整数 ③存在一个x∈
对于装设有自动投切装置的电容器,应()。在停复电操作前,确保自动投切装置已退出。
最新回复
(
0
)