首页
登录
职称英语
Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semipermanent change of residen
Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semipermanent change of residen
游客
2023-09-11
12
管理
问题
Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semipermanent change of residence". This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or across a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements often exceed international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants.
Students of human migration speak of "push" and "pull" factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic (痛苦的) as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination).
Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the 19th century. In ’general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort had to the development of migration flow.
Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call "intervening obstacles". Even if push and (or) pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem is likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by "personal factors" of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids, Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country. [br] The purpose of the passage is to discuss______.
选项
A、migration between countries
B、the reasons of international migrants
C、migration inside the country
D、the problems of international migrants
答案
B
解析
纵观全文,文中主要讨论了人员迁徙的四种不同动机,故答案选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3003419.html
相关试题推荐
Thenewresidentialblockswereskillfullyintegrated_________________________(
PresidentClintonlatertodayjoins【B1】______PresidentsFord,CarterandBu
PresidentClintonlatertodayjoins【B1】______PresidentsFord,CarterandBu
PresidentClintonlatertodayjoins【B1】______PresidentsFord,CarterandBu
PresidentClintonlatertodayjoins【B1】______PresidentsFord,CarterandBu
PresidentClintonlatertodayjoins【B1】______PresidentsFord,CarterandBu
PresidentClintonlatertodayjoins【B1】______PresidentsFord,CarterandBu
Onlyafterthelocalresidentsbecomesick,______(化学品公司才开始清理污染场所).didtheche
Oceanographyhasbeendefinedtheapplicationofall【S1】____
Oceanographyhasbeendefinedtheapplicationofall【S1】____
随机试题
社会态度的结构主要有三种成分,即()A.认知、情感、行动 B.认知、情感、知
在总平面图和建筑物底层平面图上,一般应画上(),用以表示建筑物的朝向。A.风玫
两拉杆的材料和所受拉力相同,且均处在弹性范围内,若两杆长度相等,横截面面积义A1
根据下表回答问题 在下列那一年中,发达国家的出口增长率最高?()A.2
目前,我国封闭式基金的交易佣金不得高于成交金额的()。A.0.025%
舌红胖大多见于A.脾肾阳虚 B.心脾热盛 C.水湿内停 D.脾胃湿热 E
患者,男,23岁。全身麻醉术后主治医师告诉护士给患者去枕。全身麻醉术后未清醒患者
卡特尔的智力理论提出,()是在一定社会文化背景中习得的,依赖后天的学习和经验。
Forthepast3,000years,whenpcoplet
16岁女孩,3小时前左下腹部剧烈疼痛,恶心呕吐2次,为胃容物,体温37.5℃。肛
最新回复
(
0
)