首页
登录
职称英语
The discovery that language can be a barrier to communication is quickly made
The discovery that language can be a barrier to communication is quickly made
游客
2023-09-10
27
管理
问题
The discovery that language can be a barrier to communication is quickly made by all who travel, study, govern or sell. Whether the activity is tourism, research, government, policing, business or data dissemination, the lack of a common language can severely impede progress or can halt it altogether.
Although communication problems of this kind must happen thousands of times each day, very few become public knowledge. Publicity comes only when a failure to communicate has major consequences, such as strikes, lost orders, legal problems or fatal accidents--even, at times, war. One reported instance of communication failure took place in 1970, when several Americans ate a species of poisonous mushroom. No remedy was known, and two of the people died within days. A radio report of the case was heard by a chemist who knew of a treatment that had been successfully used in 1959 and published in 1963. Why had the American doctors not heard of it seven years later? Presumably because the report of the treatment had been published only in journals written in European languages other than English.
Several comparable cases have been reported. But isolated examples do not give an impression of the size of the problem--something that can come only from studies of the use or avoidance of foreign-language materials and contacts in different communicative situations. In the English- speaking scientific world, for example, surveys of books and documents consulted in libraries and other information agencies have shown that very little foreign-language material is ever consulted. Library requests in the field of science and technology showed that only 13 percent were for foreign language periodicals.
The language barrier presents itself in stark form to firms who wish to market their products in other countries. British industry, in particular, has in recent decades often been criticized for its linguistic insularity---for its assumption that foreign buyers will be happy to communicate in English, and that awareness of other languages is not therefore s priority. In the 1960s, over two- thirds of British firms dealing with non-English-speaking customers were using English for outgoing correspondence; many had their sales literature only in English; and as many as 40 percent employed no-one able to communicate in the customer’s languages. A similar problem was identified in other English-speaking countries, notably the USA, Australia and New Zealand. And non-English speaking countries were by no means exempt--although the widespread use of English as an alternative language made them less open to the charge of insularity.
The criticism and publicity given to this problem since the 1960s seems to have greatly improved the situation. Industrial training schemes have promoted an increase in linguistic and cultural awareness. Many firms now have their own translation services. Some firms run part-time language courses in the languages of the countries with which they are most involved; some produce their own technical glossaries, to ensure consistency when material is being translated. It is now much more readily appreciated that marketing efforts can be delayed, damaged or disrupted by a failure to take account of the linguistic needs of the customer. [br] Evidence of the extent of the language barrier can be gained from ______ of materials used by scientists such as books and periodicals.
选项
答案
surveys/ studies
解析
第三段第二句“But isolated examples do not give an impression of the size of the problem- something that can come only from studies of the use or avoidance of foreign-language materials and contacts in different communicative situations.”中的“size of the problem”就是指问题的严重程度,即题目中的“extent of the language barrier”。可见“研究”外语材料的使用情况可以帮助了解语言障碍问题的程度。由此,答案可以是“studies”。第三段第三句“In the English-speaking scientific world,for example,surveys of books and documents consulted in libraries and other information agencies have shown that very little foreign-language material is ever cnsulted.”指出调查信息机构中书和文件的查阅情况可以知道对外语材料的查阅很少。可见“调查”这些材料的查阅情况可以获得证据。由此,答案也可以是“surveys”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3001702.html
相关试题推荐
Cross-CulturalCommunicationChallengesDefi
Cross-CulturalCommunicationChallengesDefi
Cross-CulturalCommunicationChallengesDefi
Cross-CulturalCommunicationChallengesDefi
Cross-CulturalCommunicationChallengesDefi
Cross-CulturalCommunicationChallengesDefi
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohas
[originaltext]UnlikeBoas,whohadonlysuggestedlanguageasameasureof
PassageOneEnglishisoneofthemostimportantlanguagesoftheworld
随机试题
[originaltext]W:Theotherdriversaidthathestoppedatthejunction.Whenhe
WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEanoteofabout50—60wordsbasedonthefollo
Thenurse__________________(缓解了病人的疼痛)bygivingacoolingdrink. alleviatedthe
下列关于农户联保贷款的表述正确的是( )。A.借款人在贷款前,联保小组应在贷款
以下哪项是消风散的主治病证A偏头痛 B风疹湿疹 C肝热生风证 D瘾疹 E
新生儿血中红细胞大量破坏,超过了白蛋白结合转运能力,引起血中胆红素增加,造成神经
按照所用的材料,梁可以分为( )。A.钢梁 B.钢筋混凝土梁 C.简支梁
如图所示,工厂生产的模具是一个将底面半径为6厘米、高为10厘米的圆柱体切去一部分
税收为调节社会经济运行的一种重要经济杠杆,提高税率通常将()。A.提高政府的财政
甲企业是一般纳税人,主要从事白酒的生产和销售。2019年10月,销售自产
最新回复
(
0
)