Freshwater life itself has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since T

游客2023-09-09 15

问题    Freshwater life itself has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since The Old Testament (旧约全书), God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain. Water supplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drains quickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next November.
   The region’s accelerating population, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more freshwater. Drought and pollution limit its availability. War and mismanagement waste it. Said Joyce Start of the Global Water Summit Initiative, based in Washington, D.C. "Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are suing all the water resources available to them. They have only 15 to 20 years left before their agriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened."
I came here to examine this crisis in the making, to investigate fears that "water wars" are imminent, that water has replaced oil as the region’s most contentious commodity. For more than two months I traveled through three river valleys and seven nations--from southern Turkey down the Euphrates River to Syria, Iraq, end on to Kuwait; to Israel end Jordan, neighbors across the valley of the Jordan; to the timeless Egyptian Nile.
Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have-nots. Compared with the United States, which in 1990 had freshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters (2.6 million gallons) a year for each citizen, Iraq had 5,500, Turkey had 4,000, and Syria had more than 2,800. Egypt’s potential was only 1,100. Israel had 460. Jordan had a meager 260. But these are not firm figures, because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream.
Scarcity is only one element of the crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the reluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if nations would share both water technology end resources, they could satisfy the region’s population, currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religions rivalries, water seldom stands alone as an issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep people from frosting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, is precious, each nation tends to find its own water end supply its own truth.
As Israeli hydrology professor Uri Shamir told me: "If there is political will for peace, water will not be a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight, water will not be a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight, water will give you ample opportunities."  [br] The author’s tone in the article can be described as ______.

选项 A、depressing
B、urgent
C、joking
D、mocking

答案 B

解析观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者分析了水的重要性和中东国家缺水的原因及后果，字里行间都表现出作者的紧迫感，所以B(紧迫的)正确。A(压抑的)，C(开玩笑的)，D(嘲笑的)均不正确。

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