2. 职称英语
  3. According to a much-reported survey carried out in 2002, Britain then had 4

According to a much-reported survey carried out in 2002, Britain then had 4

游客2023-09-08  28
问题      According to a much-reported survey carried out in 2002, Britain then had 4.3 million closed-circuit television cameras (CCTV)--one for every 14 people in the country. That figure has since been questioned, but few doubt that Britons are closely observed when they walk in the streets. It is supposed to prevent and detect crime. Even the government’s statistics, though, suggest that the cameras have done little to reduce the worst sort of criminal activity, violence.
     That may, however, be about to change, and in an unexpected way. It is not that the cameras and their operators will become any more effective. Rather, they have accidentally gathered a huge body of data on how people behave, and particularly on how they behave in situations where violence is in the air. This means that hypotheses(臆测) about violent behavior which could not be tested experimentally for practical or ethical reasons, can now be examined in a scientific way. And it is that which may help violence to be controlled.
     One researcher who is interested in this approach is Mark Levine, a social psychologist at Lancaster University in Britain who studies crowds. Crowds have a bad press. They have been blamed for anti-social behavior through mechanisms that include peer pressure and the diffusion (扩散)of responsibility--the idea that "someone else will do something, so I don’t have to". But Dr. Levine thinks that crowds can also diffuse potentially violent situations and that crime would be much higher if it were not for crowds. As he told a seminar called "Understanding Violence", which was organized in Switzerland earlier this month, he has been using CCTV data to examine the bystander effect, a so-called phenomenon whereby people who would help a stranger in distress if they were alone, fail to do so in the presence of others. His conclusion is that it isn’t so. In fact, he thinks, having a crowd around often makes things better. [br] What kind of data gathered by CCTV is particularly useful for researchers?
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答案 Data on people’s behavior when violence happens．
解析 第二段首先提到英国暴力犯罪有望得到改善。然后在定位句提到了原因：CCTV收集了大量的关于人们行为的数据，尤其是暴力事件发生时的行为数据；也正是这些数据对研究者有着特殊用途，因此正确答案为Data on people’s behavior when violence happens。
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