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  3. Cambridge University closed down in the summer of 1665 when the plague brok

Cambridge University closed down in the summer of 1665 when the plague brok

游客2023-09-08  48
问题      Cambridge University closed down in the summer of 1665 when the plague broke out. New ton, a student there, went home to Lincolnshire. He stayed home for two years while the disease ran its course in the area around London. The 23-year-old Newton spent that time studying and laying the foundations for his greatest work, the Principia. One day he sat thinking in his garden, when an apple fell. Then he realized that the direction the apple fell, along with every other object on this round earth, was always toward Earth’s center. It wasn’t just that the apple fell, but that it tried to go to Earth’s center. That was Newton’s eureka moment. He realized that Earth had drawn the apple to it. He realized that every object in the universe draws every other object— probably in proportion to its mass. Newton didn’t publish his Principia until 20 years later. But he formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation (LUG) there in his Lincolnshire garden.  He showed us that was true of planets and moons as well.
     Now enters a surprising character. The person who popularized the apple story, was none other than the well-known French writer and philosopher Voltaire. Due to his outspoken views, in 1726 he was forcibly exiled to England where he spent the next three years.  Newton died in 1727 so Voltaire would have been familiar with the many discoveries made by him. Voltaire was also acquainted with Newton’s niece, Catherine Barton. Newton was a bachelor and she had a greed to manage his London home; therefore she would have been familiar with the apple story, which she related to Voltaire.
     Voltaire sided with Newton in Newton’s bitter fights with Leibnitz. In Candide, Voltaire ridiculed Leibnitz. The character Dr.Pangloss, who went about insisting that we live in the "best of all possible worlds", was Voltaire’s version of Leibnitz.
    We might chalk Vohaire’s apple story up to "partisan license". But it’ you’ve ever done anything creative, you’ll recognize the plausibility of the apple story. You’ll remember your own moment when some small and commonplace event revealed a great troth to you. That’s the way creativity works.  [br] From the third paragraph, we can infer that Dr. Pangloss is ______.
选项 A、one of Leibnitz’s followers
B、a fictional figure in Voltaire’s book
C、the penname of Leibnitz
D、Voltaire’s enemy
答案 B
解析 从第3段第2句中的In Candide，末句中的character和version等词，再结合伏尔泰本身的作家身份，可以推断Dr. Pangloss是伏尔泰所写的书Candide中的一个角色，借以讽刺Leibnitz，由此可见，选项 B为本题答案。
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