首页
登录
职称英语
There is a phenomena ill the present. The average number of authors on scient
There is a phenomena ill the present. The average number of authors on scient
游客
2023-09-07
64
管理
问题
There is a phenomena ill the present. The average number of authors on scientific papers is skyrocketing. What is the main reason for it? That’s partly because labs are bigger, problems are more complicated, and more different subspecialties are needed. But it’s also because US government agencies like the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have started to promote "team science". As physics developed in the post-World War Ⅱ era, federal funds built expensive national facilities, and these served as surfaces on which collaborations could crystallize naturally.
Yet multiple authorship--however good it may be in other ways presents for journals and for the institutions in which these authors work. For the journals, long lists of authors are hard to deal with in themselves. But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper. If there is research misconduct, should tile liability be joint and several, accruing to all authors? If not, then how should it be allocated among them? If there is an honest mistake in one part of the work but not in others, how should an evaluator aim his or her review?
Various practical or impractical suggestions have emerged during the long-standing debate on this issue. One is that each author should provide, and the journal should then publish, an account of that author’s particular contribution to the work. But a different view of the problem, and perhaps of the solution, comes as we get to university committee on appointments and promotions, which is where the authorship rubber really meets the road. Half a lifetime of involvement with this process has taught me how much authorship matters. I have watched committees attempting to decode sequences of names, agonize over whether a much cited paper was really the candidate’s work or a coauthor’s, and send back recommendations asking for more specificity about the division of responsibility.
Problems of this kind change the argument, supporting the case for asking authors to define their own roles. After all, if quality judgments about individuals are to be made on the basis of their personal contributions, then the judges better know what they did. But if questions arise about the validity of the work as a whole, whether as challenges to its conduct or as evaluations of its influence in the field, a team is a team, and the members should share the credit or the blame. [br] There is a tendency that scientific papers are ______.
选项
A、getting more complicated
B、dealing with bigger problems
C、more of a product of team work
D、focusing more on natural than on social sciences
答案
C
解析
事实细节题。第一段说“这部分是因为实验室更大了,问题更加复杂,但是这也需要更多不同的附属专业,而且也是因为美国政府开始促进团队科学”。故答案为C)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2993906.html
相关试题推荐
Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,natural
Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,natural
Untilrecently,theacquisitionofscientificliteracyandtheenlargemento
Untilrecently,theacquisitionofscientificliteracyandtheenlargemento
Untilrecently,theacquisitionofscientificliteracyandtheenlargemento
Thescientistshaveworkedout______.(一种可以大规模提高农业生产的方法)amethodbywhichthe
Bookshavealwaysbeenthemaintoolsforteaching.Butavastnumberofnew
Bookshavealwaysbeenthemaintoolsforteaching.Butavastnumberofnew
Bookshavealwaysbeenthemaintoolsforteaching.Butavastnumberofnew
Bookshavealwaysbeenthemaintoolsforteaching.Butavastnumberofnew
随机试题
Youngpeoplearefacinganuncertainfuture.Asthe21stcenturydawned,the
下列居住区道路用地所含内容正确的是哪一条?()A.居住区道路、小区路、组团路
10月26日,一装修公司在某医院北配楼地下停车场焊接暖气管道时,电焊熔渣引燃聚苯
某种钢材,其塑性和韧性较高,可通过热化处理强化,多用于制作较重要的、荷载较大的机
不属于生产性生物资产的清查核实方法的是()。A.技术鉴定 B.抽样核实 C
对腹部实质性脏器病变,最简便易行的检查方法是A.X线摄片 B.CT扫描 C.
质量为m,半径为R的均质圆轮,绕垂直于图面的水平轴O转动,其角速度为w。在图示瞬
()是一种全过程、全方位、全人员的成本管理方法。A.目标成本法 B.作业成
下列属于中国银行业协会专业委员会的是()。A.秘书处 B.理事会
假定税法规定,与该项辞退福利有关的补偿款于实际支付时可税前抵扣。因辞退福利义务确
最新回复
(
0
)