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  3. The curse of jet lag has struck most international travelers at one time or

The curse of jet lag has struck most international travelers at one time or

游客2023-09-06  19
问题     The curse of jet lag has struck most international travelers at one time or another -- and anyone lucky enough to have avoided it will surely have suffered the equally unpleasant sleep-deprivation involved in an early-morning start. Nor, as shift workers know too, is it possible to escape by going to bed earlier the previous evening, and thus putting sleep in the bank. Sleepiness is controlled by the body’s internal biological clock, so an earlier bedtime just means several wakeful hours staring in frustration at a darkened ceiling.
    For years, some travelers and shift workers have sworn by melatonin (褪黑素). This is a hormone that regulates the biological clock. It is made in the brain by a structure called the pineal gland (松果体), as darkness sets in after sunset. Light is the one that keeps the biological clock in the same pace with solar time. The clock then tells the brain when to go to sleep. The theory of those who use melatonin is that an external dose of it can reset the clock, and thus cause the "go to sleep" signal to be sent at a more convenient moment~ Melatonin can also increase sleepiness during the day, when the pineal gland is not producing it.
    This has resulted in a growing, and often unregulated, market in melatonin-supplement tablets. The pharmaceutical industry’s response to this seems to be: "If you can’t beat them, join them." A paper in this week’s Lancet, by Shantha Rajaratnam of the Harvard Medical School and his colleagues, reports two trials, funded by drug companies, of tasimelteon, a substance that binds to the same receptors in the brain as melatonin does, and which it is expected will have a similar effect.
    In the course of these trials, more than 400 people had their bedtimes brought forward by five hours in controlled conditions. Half an hour before lights out, a quarter of them were given common drug, while the remaining three-quarters were given varying doses of tasimelteon. Dr. Rajaratnam and his colleagues report that the new drug let people fall asleep faster at the unnaturally early time, and also allowed them to sleep longer than those given the common one. [br] When will melatonin be made in the brain according to the passage?
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答案 As darkness sets in after sunset.
解析 题干问的是大脑中生成melatonin的时间，故将本题出处定位到第二段。该段第三句说，这种物质是在太阳落山、夜晚开始降临的时候产生的(as darkness sets in after sunset)。句首的It指代的是前句中的hormone，即第一句中提到的melatonin。原文中以as引出时间，直接摄取答案即可。题干为整句，故答案为整句。注意句首单词首字母的大写和句尾的英文句号。
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