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A recurring criticism of the UK’s university sector is its perceived weaknes

游客2023-09-05  53
问题     A recurring criticism of the UK’s university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
    Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system.
    However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.
    When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK’s position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
    This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and licence income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.
    The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
    Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.
    If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle. [br] We can infer from Paragraph 5 that "policy interventions" (Line 1. Para. 4) refers to______.
选项 A、concentration of resources in a limited number of universities
B、government aid to non-research-oriented universities
C、compulsory cooperation between universities and industries
D、fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions
答案 A
解析 根据题干中的policy interventions和提示可将本题出处定位到 第5段第4句。本题考查policy interventions在上下文中的意思。第四段中提到， 这种“政府干预”提高了英国大学的表现；第五段转换说法，称这种干预为 “不均分配”，在第四句更是直接用作定语的现在分词短语generating long-term resource concentration点明了这种干预的特点——带来长期的资源集中。由此可 知，政府的做法是支持少数高校，使资源集中于这些高校，而对其他高校支持 不够，资源分配不均，故答案为[A]。第5段第4句中指出“政策产生资源集中 的效应催生了一些以研究为主导的高校”，这说明以研究为主导的高校会得到政 府的援助，而不以研究为主导的高校不会得到援助，故排除[B]。[C]该项中的 compulsory与文中的commercially active语义相反。[D]中的fair distribution“公 平分配”与文中的uneven distribution“不公平分配”意思相左。
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