2. 职称英语
  3. It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in

It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in

游客2023-09-05  28
问题     It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
    No longer. The Internet — and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it — is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
    The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
    This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. This is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids (混合物) of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers. [br] What does the author discuss in the first paragraph?
选项 A、The background information of journal editing.
B、The present publication routine of laboratory reports.
C、The relations of authors with journal publishers.
D、The traditional process of journal publication.
答案 D
解析 根据题干中的the first paragraph将本题出处定位到文章首段。该段提到，过去，在实验室里一起工作的一组研究人员把研究结果递交刊物，刊物的编辑在隐去作者姓名及相关信息后把论文递交给编审，然后根据审查结果，编辑决定出版或拒绝出版该研究论文。版权由杂志社保留，研究者必须订阅杂志才能查找此研究结果的相关文章。很明显，该段讲述的是过去刊物的出版过程，故答案为D)。B)中的present与首句的It used to不符。A)“刊物编辑的背景知识”和C)“作者和刊物发行者之间的关系”在首段中未提及。
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