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  3. The standard official retirement age to qualify for a public pension in most

The standard official retirement age to qualify for a public pension in most

游客2023-09-04  7
问题     The standard official retirement age to qualify for a public pension in most OECD countries is currently 65. The chief【C1】______to this are France and Korea, where it is 60, and Norway, where it is 67. Several countries offer early retirement【C2】______allowing people to retire two to five years before the standard age. And in a number of countries, there are【C3】______generous eligibility criteria for disability pensions and unemployment【C4】______for older workers. Severance (离职) packages, 【C5】______early occupational pensions, also help some older workers to make the【C6】______at relatively low personal cost.
    It is【C7】______not surprising that the average age of actual retirement is often three to five years earlier than the standard official age. Only in the United States does the average actual retirement age【C8】______to the current standard age. 【C9】______. the United States is gradually raising the retirement age to 67, and is【C10】______the merits of later retirement. The average worker in Japan and Korea retires at 69 and 67, 【C11】______four and seven years later than the official standard age. But these are the exceptions. In Europe, less than half of the male population aged 55 to 64 is currently working.
    Life expectancy (平均寿命) at the average【C12】______retirement age can be as high as 18-20 years, about a third longer than it was 30 years ago. It is projected【C13】______increase further, so the retirement period will【C14】______unless retirement itself is delayed.
    Delaying retirement looks like the only【C15】______. Increases in the standard retirement age of women to match that of men are being【C16】______in in Australia and Germany, and for both men and women in Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea and the United States. Pension systems are also being【C17】______so that if people retire earlier their pension level will be reduced【C18】______. This seems fair — experts【C19】______it as being actuarially neutral — since it reduces pressure on pension funds by【C20】______that benefits are more in line with contribution payments. [br] 【C5】
选项 A、containing
B、incorporating
C、comprising
D、including
答案 D
解析 语义衔接题。occupational pensions(职业养老金)是Severance packages(遣散费)的一部分，故答案为[D]including“包含，包括”，被包含之物通常为整体的一部分。[A]containing表示包含所含之物的全部，或者指一个较大事物容纳较小的事物。[B]incorporating虽然也有“包含”的意思，但指的其实是“将某事物包括进去”；[C]comprising指的主要是“由……构成”。
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