首页
登录
职称英语
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the countr
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the countr
游客
2023-09-04
27
管理
问题
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the country’s balance of payments. Besides the value of imports, and exports (the balance of trade), the balance of payments includes private foreign loans (and interest); loans by governments, central banks, and international organizations; and movements of gold or reserve currencies.
An international medium of exchange is required for international trade. From the late 1800s until World War Ⅰ, most countries operated on the gold standard. Gold coins of standard specifications circulated freely between countries, making gold in effect an international currency. This system provided an automatic correction for some trade imbalances, but it had little liquidity (the money supply could not expand as rapidly as required by expanding trade), and it was vulnerable to short-term changes in the gold supply.
After the financial instability of the 1930s, the international monetary(货币的) system was rebuilt following World War Ⅱ on the gold-exchange standard. The values of most national currencies were fixed in relation to the U. S. dollar; reserves were kept in dollars, which could be exchanged on demand for gold at a set price ($35 an ounce until 1968). The International Monetary Fund (IMF), a key institution set up under this system, makes international loans with capital subscribed by its members which include most noncommunist states. Voting rights are proportional to the amounts subscribed. The IMF has been able, through its loans, to stabilize fluctuating currencies and to influence the internal financial policies of recipient(接受的) countries, a frequently criticized practice.
The success of the gold-exchange standard, however, depended on the superior position of the United States in world trade. In the 1960s, continual balance of payments deficits(赤字) lowered U. S. gold re serves and fatally undermined the system. In 1968 a two-tiered(两极的) system was adopted. Government banks maintained fixed gold prices, while nongovernmental buyers traded freely. Simultaneously, non-dollar special drawing rights (SDRs) were assigned to IMF members in proportion to their contributions. But these changes did not relieve strain on the U. S. dollar. In 1971 President Richard Nixon announced that dollars would no longer automatically be exchanged for gold, and since then there has been no single international monetary standard. [br] The gold exchange standard differs from the gold standard in that ______.
选项
A、it does not establish a generally accepted international medium of exchange
B、it establishes no relationship between the value of a given currency and the value of gold
C、the relationship it established between the value of any currency and the value of gold is indirect rather than direct
D、it is a two-tiered rather than a single-tiered system
答案
C
解析
推断题。由题干gold-exchange standard和gold standard定位到第二、三段。第二段提到金本位指多数货币可直接与黄金挂钩;第三段第二句提到金汇兑本位制指多数货币与美元挂钩而美元与黄金挂钩,即在金汇兑本位制下,各国货币与黄金的关系是间接的。C“它(金汇兑本位制)在各种货币和黄金之间建立的关系是间接的,而不是直接的”与文章内容正好相符。D是事实,但不是二者的区别。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2983935.html
相关试题推荐
TheUnitedStatesisperhapsthecountrywherethe______spiritismostcultiva
Thecountry’seconomicfutureisseriously,______bythemassemigrationofyou
Thecountry’seconomicsituationisasthestatisticsindicatethatunemployment
"Cinderella"isthestoryofthe______betweenabeautifulgirlandahandsome
Itisa______thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.A
Thecountry’seconomicfutureisseriously______bythemassemigrationofyoun
Thediscrepanciesbetweenthesedifferentanalyses______anumberofproblems.A
Thereseemstobenoendof______betweentheparties.A、collisionB、combatC、co
Weshouldmakeaclear______betweenthetwoscientifictermsforthepurposeo
Jimwasso______bythebeautyofthecountrythathedecidedtosettledownthe
随机试题
[originaltext]M:ThisTVsetisgettingworseandworse.Nowitdoesn’tworkat
导游语言包括( )。A.口头语言 B.态势语言 C.书面语言 D.副语言
个人不可循环授信额度指根据每次单笔贷款出账金额累计计算,即使单笔贷款提前还款,该
有四种食品:马铃薯、松子仁、奶油、牛奶,请根据食物成分表和成年男性(轻体力劳动者
根据《建设工程施工合同(示范文本)》(GF-99-0201),对于变动总价合同,
少数亚非国家实行一种社会保险制度,保险金额来自于企业和劳动者两个方面,国家不进行
共用题干 RescuePlatformIntheaftermathof
共用题干 李女士,40岁,教师,发热、咳痰1周,以肺炎入院,医生需根据痰培养标
无记名股票是指在股票票面和股份公司股东名册上均不记载股东姓名的股票。()
关于路基冬期施工的说法,正确的有( )。A.半填半挖地段.挖填方交界处不得在冬期
最新回复
(
0
)