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  3. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterpr

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterpr

游客2023-09-03  31
问题     The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the market-place for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to (47)______ profits, produce these goods and service in (48)______ with  other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the (49)______ of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together (50)______ what  shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
    An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by Which consumers’ demands can be expressed and responded (51)______ by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and (52)______ in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be (53)______ from the market. If, on the other (54)______, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
   The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources(private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain (55)______ over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property (56)______ not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

                 Word Bank:
A. eliminated                  I. make
B. implies                     J. to
C. embraces                    K. in
D. hand                        L. fall
E. determine                   M. decrease
F. control                     N. demand
G. competition                 O. compete
H. determination
[br]
选项
答案 L
解析 本句指出美国的经济体制是价格体制,而价格是随着消费者的需求与生产者的供应情况而变化的,表示价格变化的两个并列动词应是相呼应的。文中已出现"rise"(上升),从词义上看,与之相对血的就应该是“下降”,而"rise and fall"意为“升降”、“上下”、“起伏”、“兴亡”,故选择fall (下降)。该习语也可用作名词,如：the rise and fall of the temperature气强的上升和下降/The Rise and Fall of the Dutch Republic《荷兰共和国的兴亡》。 随着消费者的需求与生产者的供应情况而变化的,表示价格变化的两个并列动词应是相呼应的。文中已出现"rise"(上升),从词义上看,与之相对应的就应该是“下降”,而“rise and fall”意为“升降”、“上下”、“起伏”、“兴亡”,故选择fall (下降)。
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