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It’s surprising news bound to bring joy to students studying for exams every

游客2023-09-02  33
问题     It’s surprising news bound to bring joy to students studying for exams everywhere. The best way to memorize newly-acquired knowledge is to go to sleep, scientists believe. Researchers in Germany found that the brain is better during sleep than during wakefulness at resisting attempts to scramble or corrupt a recent memory.
    Their study, published in Nature Neuroscience, provides new insights into the hugely complex process by which we store and retrieve deliberately acquired information—learning, in short.
    Fresh memories, stored temporarily in a region of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体) ,do not take shape immediately, earlier research showed. It was also known that reactivation of those memories soon after learning plays a crucial role in their transfer to more permanent storage in the brain’s "hard drive" ,the neocortex (新大脑皮层). During wakefulness,however,this period of reactivation renders the memories more fragile. Learning a second poem at this moment,for example,will likely make it harder to commit the first one to deep memory. Dr. Bjorn Rasch of the University of Lubeck in Germany, and three colleagues assumed that the same thing happens when we sleep, and designed an experiment to find out if they were right.
    Twenty-four volunteers were asked to memorize 15 pairs of cards showing pictures of animals and everyday objects. While performing the exercise,they were exposed to a slightly unpleasant odor. Forty minutes later,half the subjects who had stayed awake were asked to learn a second, slightly different pattern of cards. Just before starting,they were again made to smell the same odor,designed to trigger their memory of the first exercise. The 12 other subjects, meanwhile, did the second exercise after a brief sleep,during which they were exposed to the odor while in a state called slow-wave sleep. Both groups, were then tested on the original task. Much to the surprise of the researchers,the sleep group performed significantly better,retaining on average 85 percent of the patterns, compared to 60 percent for those who had remained awake.
    Lead author Dr. Susanne Diekelmann said: " Reactivation of memories had completely different effects on the state of wakefulness and sleep. Based on brain imaging data, we suggest the reason for this unexpected result is that already during the first few minutes of sleep, the transfer from hippocampus to neocortex has been initiated. After only 40 minutes of sleep, significant chunks of memory were already downloaded and stored where they could no longer be disrupted by new information that is encoded in the hippocampus. "
    Dr. Diekelmann said the positive impact of short periods of sleep on memory consolidation could have implications for memory-intensive activities such as language training. The findings also point to a strategy for helping victims of post-traumatic (外伤后的) stress syndrome, a weak condition caused by extreme experiences. The reactivation techniques " might prove useful in re-processing and un-learning unwanted memories," she said. " And reactivation of newly learned memories during following sleep could then help consolidate the desired curative effects for the long-term. " [br] According to Dr. Diekelmann, in order to consolidate the memories, the language learners can
选项 A、take short periods of sleep
B、apply reactivation strategy
C、re-process unwanted memories
D、forget the extreme experiences
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。本题要求推测出语言学习者为了加强记忆应该采取的措施。在进行一系列实验后，研究人员发现睡眠对于加强记忆起着重要作用，定位句指出可将这一结论应用于语言学习领域，小睡一会儿有助于巩同记忆。故答案为A)。B)“应用激活策略”、C)“重新处理不需要的信息”和D)“忘记极端记忆”都与原文不符，均排除。
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