首页
登录
职称英语
It’s surprising news bound to bring joy to students studying for exams every
It’s surprising news bound to bring joy to students studying for exams every
游客
2023-09-02
14
管理
问题
It’s surprising news bound to bring joy to students studying for exams everywhere. The best way to memorize newly-acquired knowledge is to go to sleep, scientists believe. Researchers in Germany found that the brain is better during sleep than during wakefulness at resisting attempts to scramble or corrupt a recent memory.
Their study, published in Nature Neuroscience, provides new insights into the hugely complex process by which we store and retrieve deliberately acquired information—learning, in short.
Fresh memories, stored temporarily in a region of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体) ,do not take shape immediately, earlier research showed. It was also known that reactivation of those memories soon after learning plays a crucial role in their transfer to more permanent storage in the brain’s "hard drive" ,the neocortex (新大脑皮层). During wakefulness,however,this period of reactivation renders the memories more fragile. Learning a second poem at this moment,for example,will likely make it harder to commit the first one to deep memory. Dr. Bjorn Rasch of the University of Lubeck in Germany, and three colleagues assumed that the same thing happens when we sleep, and designed an experiment to find out if they were right.
Twenty-four volunteers were asked to memorize 15 pairs of cards showing pictures of animals and everyday objects. While performing the exercise,they were exposed to a slightly unpleasant odor. Forty minutes later,half the subjects who had stayed awake were asked to learn a second, slightly different pattern of cards. Just before starting,they were again made to smell the same odor,designed to trigger their memory of the first exercise. The 12 other subjects, meanwhile, did the second exercise after a brief sleep,during which they were exposed to the odor while in a state called slow-wave sleep. Both groups, were then tested on the original task. Much to the surprise of the researchers,the sleep group performed significantly better,retaining on average 85 percent of the patterns, compared to 60 percent for those who had remained awake.
Lead author Dr. Susanne Diekelmann said: " Reactivation of memories had completely different effects on the state of wakefulness and sleep. Based on brain imaging data, we suggest the reason for this unexpected result is that already during the first few minutes of sleep, the transfer from hippocampus to neocortex has been initiated. After only 40 minutes of sleep, significant chunks of memory were already downloaded and stored where they could no longer be disrupted by new information that is encoded in the hippocampus. "
Dr. Diekelmann said the positive impact of short periods of sleep on memory consolidation could have implications for memory-intensive activities such as language training. The findings also point to a strategy for helping victims of post-traumatic (外伤后的) stress syndrome, a weak condition caused by extreme experiences. The reactivation techniques " might prove useful in re-processing and un-learning unwanted memories," she said. " And reactivation of newly learned memories during following sleep could then help consolidate the desired curative effects for the long-term. " [br] What did the experiments show?
选项
A、The same thing happens when sleeping and when awake.
B、Fresh memories are stored temporarily in a region of the brain.
C、The sleep group preformed much better than the other one.
D、Reactivation plays a crucial role in permanent storage of memories.
答案
C
解析
事实细节题。本题考查此项研究的主要发现。第四段描述了针对24名志愿者进行的试验,让其记住卡片内容,定位句指出此项研究的结果:睡眠组表现得更好,故答案为C)。A)“处于睡眠和清醒状态的结果是一样的”,不符合文义;B)“新的记忆暂时存储在大脑区域”,此论述与实验结果无关;D)“激活过程在长期存储记忆过程中起着重要作用”,该论述正确,但是与此实验结果无关。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2979019.html
相关试题推荐
Themainpurposeoftheauthoristointroducetostudentshowtohaveaneffect
Themainpurposeoftheauthoristointroducetostudentshowtohaveaneffect
Themainpurposeoftheauthoristointroducetostudentshowtohaveaneffect
[originaltext]ItmaybeSurprisingtolearnthattherearemanydeafpeople
[originaltext]ItmaybeSurprisingtolearnthattherearemanydeafpeople
[originaltext]ItmaybeSurprisingtolearnthattherearemanydeafpeople
Thestudentsnow_______________________(宁愿单独一个人玩电脑,也不愿意到图书馆去查阅资料).prefertopl
[originaltext]Oneofthemaincomplaintsofcityresidents,notsurprisingl
[originaltext]Oneofthemaincomplaintsofcityresidents,notsurprisingl
LastAugustSusanand42otherstudentsgotwetanddirtywhile(36)______6
随机试题
Youverylikelygiveotherpassengersaquickglancetosizethemupandto____
在计算机系统中,总线宽度分为地址总线宽度和数据总线宽度。若计算机中地址总线的宽度
促排卵药物有:()A.雄激素 B.肾上腺皮质激素 C.雌激素
房地产的投资方式不包括()。A.房地产购买 B.房地产租赁 C.房地产信托
芒硝有的功效是A.泻下通便,清肝,杀虫B.泻下通便,行水消胀C.泻下逐水,杀虫D
新生儿出血应选用A.维生素KB.氨甲苯酸C.肝素D.抑肽酶E.双香豆素
A.多发于青春期或更年期妇女,出血无规律 B.黄体发育较好,但萎缩过程延长
一般来说,青年期自我意识的中心是()。单选A.社会自我 B.心理自我 C
(2017年真题)关于联合体投标需遵循的规定,下列说法中正确的是()。A.联合体
设计单位必须按其()承担相应水利工程设计任务。A.设计能力 B.资质等级
最新回复
(
0
)