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In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body’s system for reactin

游客2023-08-31  29
问题     In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us -- the so-called fight-or-flight response. "An animal that can’t detect danger can’t stay alive," says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. At its core is a cluster of neurons (神经元) deep in the brain known as the amygdala(扁桃体).
    LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situation- I think this charging dog wants to bite me-- end triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, just to name three.
    This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals, but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know they’re afraid. That is, as LeDoux says, "if you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear."
    Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon: worry.
    That’s not necessarily a bad thing, says Hallowell. "When used properly, worry is an incredible device," he says. After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action-- like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your hack.
    Hallowell insists, though, that there’s a right way to worry. "Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan," he says. Most of us have survived a recession, so we’re familiar with the belt tightening strategies needed to survive a slump.
    Unfortunately, few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism: so it’s been difficult to get facts about how we should respond. That’s why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro (抗炭疽菌的药物) and buying gas masks.
选项 A、the biological process in which human beings’ sense of self-defense evolves
B、the instinctive fear human beings feel when faced with potential danger
C、the act of evaluating a dangerous situation and making a quick decision
D、the elaborate mechanism in the human brain for retrieving information
答案 C
解析 本题要求“文中第一段第二行中的‘so-called light-or-flight response’的意思”。短文在第一段中提到“In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us...”(从纯生物的角度来说。恐惧始于人体对可能伤害我们的东西做出的反应)，即“so-called fight-or-flight response”(所谓打或跑反应)。也就是说，“so-called fight-or-flight response”就是指身体这种对可能伤害我们的东西做出的打得了就打，打不了就跑的反应，因此C项“评估危险情况并迅速做出决定的举动”正确。A项“人类我防御意识进化的生物过程”。文中谈到人类进化出了一个能处理潜在威胁信息的精密机制，但并没有讨论进化的过程。B项“人真在遇到潜在危险时本能所感到的恐惧”。这样一来，begin with 的宾语就变成了“恐惧”，则本句的主语和宾语都是“恐惧”，即“恐惧”始于某种“恐惧”，文义不通。D项“ 人脑用于搜索信息的复杂机制”与文义不符。
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