首页
登录
职称英语
A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use
A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use
游客
2023-08-31
22
管理
问题
A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity(父亲的身份) where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.
DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.
The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass, and Daniel L. Hartl of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo. Lewontin and Hard called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns.
In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the Federal Bureau of investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, the National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation(鉴定合格) for DNA testing laboratories.
选项
A、would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations
B、could easily escape conviction of guilt
C、would have to submit evidence for their innocence
D、could be convicted of guilt as well
答案
B
解析
文章第二段第一句提到DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt,not just establish innocence。由此可知,DNA指纹鉴定使罪犯调查发生了革命性的变化,它为调查员提供了新的强有力的工具来证明犯罪,而不仅仅是确定无罪。由此可以推出,在没有DNA指纹鉴定之前,嫌疑犯很容易逃脱指控,故选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2972509.html
相关试题推荐
AscivilwarseruptedthroughouttheRomanRepublicinthe1stcenturyB.C.
AscivilwarseruptedthroughouttheRomanRepublicinthe1stcenturyB.C.
AscivilwarseruptedthroughouttheRomanRepublicinthe1stcenturyB.C.
AscivilwarseruptedthroughouttheRomanRepublicinthe1stcenturyB.C.
Despitethescandalsoverleakede-mails,thescientificevidenceforglobal
Despitethescandalsoverleakede-mails,thescientificevidenceforglobal
Despitethescandalsoverleakede-mails,thescientificevidenceforglobal
Despitethescandalsoverleakede-mails,thescientificevidenceforglobal
Despitethescandalsoverleakede-mails,thescientificevidenceforglobal
Despitethescandalsoverleakede-mails,thescientificevidenceforglobal
随机试题
[img]2012q2/ct_eyyjsdz2005b_eyyjsdreada_0923_20121[/img][br]Howmanyjobshas
A.缩余釉上皮 B.Malassez上皮剩余 C.牙板上皮剩余 D.牙龈上
下列关于我国国债竞争性招标的说法,错误的是()。A.竞争性招标确定的票面利率保
不难理解,对人类艺术创造所怀抱的这种神圣感,会使我们像珍视大汶口的“日月山”陶尊
下列选项中是该立体图形侧视图的是( ) A.如上图所示 B.如上图所示
制订薪酬计划所需要的员工基本资料包括( )。A.当前薪酬水平 B.所在岗位
中国物业管理协会于()年成立,对加强物业管理行业指导和行业自律起到了重要作用。A
创伤组织不完全修复主要是由何种细胞增生来完成? A.原来性质的细胞B.
某220kV变电所有两台10/0.4kV所用变,单母分段接线,容量630kVA,
下列合同实施偏差分析的内容中,不属于合同实施趋势分析的是( )。A.项目管理团
最新回复
(
0
)