2. 职称英语
  3. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a

游客2023-08-30  25
问题      In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small well-oiled cog (齿轮) in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets (傀儡) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
     The worker and employee are anxious not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
     Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the fight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again — by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need. to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
     Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of all love and of reason — are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. [br] From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those ______ .
选项 A、who are at the bottom of the society
B、who are higher up in their social status
C、who prove better than their fellow-competitors
D、who could keep far away from this competitive world
答案 D
解析 段落主旨推断题。从文中第二、三段可知：选项A“社会底层者”B“社会上层者”C“竞争中的胜利者”都摆脱不了充满各种竞争的生存环境，因而都生活在各式各样的anxiety与stress之中，所以都无幸福可言。只有选项D(远离这个充满竞争的社会的人可推断为幸福之人)切题。
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