2. 职称英语
  3. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a b

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a b

游客2023-08-25  45
问题     In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts: yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
    The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job: they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
    Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again — by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
    Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of love and of reason — are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. [br] To solve the present social problems, the author suggests that we should______.
选项 A、take the fundamental realities for granted
B、enable man to fully develop his potentialities
C、offer higher wages to the workers and employees
D、resort to the production mode of our ancestors
答案 B
解析 根据题干中的the present social problems将本题出处定位于文章第4段。题干中的thepresent social problems指的是在由官僚政治统治管理的工业社会中，人类的地位越来越低。作者在最后一段第4句对解决这一问题的方法提出了建议。该句指出，作者的解决办法就是将社会体系由官僚政治统治的工业主义转变成a humanist industrialism(以人类为中心的工业主义)，在该体系下，人类及其full development of potentialities是所有社会安
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