首页
登录
职称英语
About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a low
About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a low
游客
2023-08-23
58
管理
问题
About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a low of classical chemistry that relates chemical reaction rate to temperature. According to his equation, chemical reactions are increasingly unlikely to occur as temperature approaches absolute zero, and at absolute zero, reactions stop. However, recent experiment evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by me principles of classical chemistry. Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier.
The rate of any chemical reaction, regardless of the temperature at which it takes place, usually depends on a very important characteristic known as its activation energy. Any molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so-called potential well of energy. A chemical reaction corresponds to the transition of a molecule from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another. In classical chemistry, such a transition can be accomplished only by going over the potential barrier between the well, the height of which remains constant and is called the activation energy of the reaction. In tunneling, the reactings molecules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another well without having to rise over the barrier between the two wells. Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.
This tunneling phenomenon at very low temperatures suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life: formation of rather complex organic molecules in the deep cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach only a few degrees Kelvin. Cosmic rays might trigger the synthesis of simple molecules, such as interstellar formaldehyde, in dark clouds of interstellar dust. Afterward complex organic molecules would be formed, slowly but surely, by means of tunneling. After I offered my hypothesis, Hoyle and Wickramashinghe argued that molecules of interstellar formaldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch. Their conclusions, although strongly disputed, have generated excitement among investigators such as myself who are proposing that the galactic clouds are the places where the prebiological evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred. [br] Which of the following best describes the hypothesis of Hoyle and Wickramas-inghe?
选项
A、Molecules of interstellar formaldehyde can evolve into complex organic molecules.
B、Interstellar formaldehyde can be synthesized by tunneling.
C、Cosmic rays can directly synthesize complex organic molecules.
D、The galactic clouds are the places where prebiological evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.
答案
A
解析
细节题。根据“Hoyle and Wickramasinghe”定位至文章第三段After I offeredmy hypothesis,Hoyle and Wickramashinghe argued that molecules of interstellarformaldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch.“当我提出了我的假设后,Hoyle和Wickramashinghe两位化学家指出星际甲醛分子确实进化为类似纤维素和淀粉等多糖酶。”这和选项A的表述一致,所以答案是A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2950486.html
相关试题推荐
Justoveradecadeintothe21stcentury,women’sprogresscanbecelebrated
Justoveradecadeintothe21stcentury,women’sprogresscanbecelebrated
Justoveradecadeintothe21stcentury,women’sprogresscanbecelebrated
Twogroupsofscientistsdemonstratedlastweekforthefirsttimethatthe
Twogroupsofscientistsdemonstratedlastweekforthefirsttimethatthe
Twogroupsofscientistsdemonstratedlastweekforthefirsttimethatthe
Twogroupsofscientistsdemonstratedlastweekforthefirsttimethatthe
Twogroupsofscientistsdemonstratedlastweekforthefirsttimethatthe
EachyearUniversum,aSwedishconsultingfirm,asksAmericanMBAstudentsw
EachyearUniversum,aSwedishconsultingfirm,asksAmericanMBAstudentsw
随机试题
Tom_____thepartyasnoonesawhimthereyesterdayevening.A、can’tattendB、mus
Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegrees
Shespoke______aboutherlifespentinSaharadesert.A、emotionlessB、emotional
Technicalandtechnologicalskillswilltakeongreaterimportance.Therewi
以下命令片段实现的功能是()。[Server]telnetservere
对邻面板的作用,错误的是A.在水平方向的稳定作用很强 B.与卡环臂有协同作用
基金托管人出现()情形时,中国证监会可取消其托管资格。A.连续3年没有开展基金
患者腹泻2年,晨起则泻,泻后痛减,腹冷喜暖,腰酸腿软,舌淡,苔白,脉沉细。治疗除
下列关于材料设备由承包人采购的方式,正确的有()。A、加大了招标人的责任和风险
VCR法是( )崩矿方法的简称。A.垂直深孔球状药包前进式 B.垂直深孔球状
最新回复
(
0
)