Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution

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问题 Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century and then only rather slowly and laboriously. But chemical knowledge is as old as history,
being almost entirely【B1】______the practical arts of living.Cooking is【B2】______a chemical process; so is the melting of metals and the administration of drugs and poisons. This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb,was nevertheless【B3】______previous experiment.It also served to【B4】______a fundamental curiosity about the processes themselves. New information was always being gained as artisans (工匠) improved techniques to gain better results. The develop ment of a scientific approach to chemistry was, however,【B5】______by several fac tors.The most serious problem was the vast range of material available and the【B6】______difficulty of organizing it into some system. In addition, there were social and intellectual difficulties: chemistry is nothing if not practical; those who practice it must use their hands, they must have a certain practical talent. Yet in many ancient【B7】______,practical tasks were primarily the province of a slave population. The thinker or philosopher【B8】______ this earthly world, where the practical arts appeared to lack any intellec tual content or interest. The final problem for early chemical science was the element of secrecy.Experts in【B9】______trades had developed their own techniques and guarded their knowledge to prevent others from stealing their【B10】______. [br] 【B7】

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答案 civilizations

解析根据空格前的形容词ancient判断，空格处应该填入名词。many提示应填入名词复数形式，civiliTation意为“文明”。

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Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution

AccompanyingIndia’sindustrialtransformationhasbeenanotherrevolutiono

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