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  3. In recent years there has been much talk of a "renaissance" in American manu

In recent years there has been much talk of a "renaissance" in American manu

游客2023-08-21  57
问题     In recent years there has been much talk of a "renaissance" in American manufacturing. A few things seemed to be on the side of the makers. For instance, until recently the dollar was weak. American wages were stagnant, but those in China were booming. Cheap shale oil and gas gave factories a boost. But as we argued recently, talking of a renaissance is overblown. And new figures, released today, add to the mounting pile of evidence saying that manufacturing growth is starting to slow.
    We argued before that although there has been a recovery in American manufacturing in recent years, it is not a sustainable one. Employment in the sector is still lower than before the crash. So is one important measure of output: real value added. In short, America has not got better at producing stuff.
    Also, much of the recovery in American manufacturing seems to be based on a cyclical boom in "durable" goods—things that you expect to last a long time, like cars and fridges. During the recession, orders for durable goods plunged. That’s because it is quite easy to put off such purchases. By contrast, it is more difficult to put off purchases of non-durable goods, like medicines, because people tend to consume them more frequently.
    After the recession, production of durable goods soared. Cheap credit, for instance, spurred demand for new motors and rapid growth in carmaking. That sector accounted for over a third of the durable growth from 2009 to 2013. Yet a recovery based on a few durables industries is unsustainable. This is because when pent-up demand is satisfied, a few big industries will suffer. Overall output is likely to stall.
    New data confirm this prediction. Orders for durable goods fell by 1.4% in February. Motor-vehicle orders fell by 0. 5% . It is possible that the recent bad weather has had an effect here. But it may be a sign of something more troubling. As economists at Capital Economics, a consultancy, argue, " The more general malaise started back in the autumn of last year. Indeed, core orders have now fallen in every month since last October. "
    In recent months, non-durable goods have also fallen quite rapidly. What explains all this? The obvious culprit is the strong dollar, because it makes manufacturing exports (which account for roughly half of America’s total) more expensive. Alternatively, it may be because consumers are starting to pull back on spending. In January, consumer credit grew at the slowest pace in over a year, according to recent data from the Federal Reserve. In recent months consumer confidence has dropped a bit. And companies may not be so confident, either, and are thus not in the mood to add to capital stock, says Steven Ricchiuto of Mizuho Securities, an investment bank. This does not bode well for American manufacturing or, indeed, for economic growth overall. [br] What can we infer from the last paragraph?
选项 A、The strong dollar makes American products less attractive.
B、Consumers are not willing to spend more on durable goods.
C、Companies dare not accept the capital investment from banks.
D、The conditions of general economic growth are not present.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。定位句指出，这对于美国制造业，实际上，也是对于整个经济增长而言，都不是个好兆头，其中“这”指作者在本段中所分析到的各个因素，包括美元走强、消费者更加谨慎和企业投资信心不足等。可见，经济增长的条件并不具备，故答案为D)。A)“强劲的美元使美国商品变得没有吸引力”，最后一段第三句只是说美元走强让出口变得昂贵，而没有说让产品变得没有吸引力，故排除；B)“消费者不愿意为耐用品花更多的钱”，最后一段主要讨论非耐用品，故排除；C)“公司不敢接受银行的资本投入”，本段第七句是说公司对投资变得保守，而没有说资本是来自银行的，故可排除。
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