首页
登录
职称英语
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientis
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientis
游客
2023-08-16
96
管理
问题
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavors. Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation.
Given this diversity of thought, it’s easy to forget that for half a century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of "positive reinforcement" have long since lost their sway in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every realm of daily life, from the home and classroom to the workplace. Don’t want to take the trash out? Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interested in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you’ll make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and rewards are so much a part of American culture that it’s hard to imagine life without them.
Yet that’s exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging motivation and productivity, rewards actually can undermine genuine interest and diminish performance. "Our society is caught in a whopping paradox," asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book Punished by Rewards(Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research on the effectiveness of rewards. "We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we use to solve those problems—dangling rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people—is partly responsible for the fix we’re in."
It’s tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is involved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose their initial love of art within weeks. Teenagers who are promised a reward for tutoring youngsters don’t teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who have been awarded long-term incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns. [br] From the passage, it can be inferred that_____.
选项
A、rewards are highly effective in America
B、rewards are not much sought-after in academic circles
C、rewards have long lost their appeal in American society
D、Americans are addicted to rewards
答案
D
解析
本文主要针砭时弊,揭露了美国社会中人们的行为依赖于奖励这一现象。根据原文第2段末句中的“但是物质鼓励和奖赏确实在美国文化中仍然占如此重要的地位”以及第3段最后两句等内容可看出美国社会对于奖励很依赖,D与之相符。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2931978.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Foryearsscientistshavebeenworriedabouttheeffectsofa
[originaltext]Foryearsscientistshavebeenworriedabouttheeffectsofa
[originaltext]MySpace,thesocialnetworkingwebsite,isdifferentfromoth
[originaltext]MySpace,thesocialnetworkingwebsite,isdifferentfromoth
[originaltext]W:(5)Agoodresumepredictshowyoumightperforminthatdesired
[originaltext]W:(5)Agoodresumepredictshowyoumightperforminthatdesired
[originaltext]W:(5)Agoodresumepredictshowyoumightperforminthatdesired
[originaltext](13)Scientistswhostudytheearthtellusthatthecontinen
[originaltext]W:Iheardthatsomepeoplewhowerenotenvironmentalscientists
[originaltext]W:Iheardthatsomepeoplewhowerenotenvironmentalscientists
随机试题
[originaltext]Howdidthemanpayforhisairticket?[/originaltext]A、Incash.
TheEarthhasbeenstrippedofupto90%ofitsspeciesfivetimesbeforein
DBS的体系结构,按照ANSI/SPARC报告分为(请作答此空);在DBS中,D
低盐或无盐膳食不适用于()。A.高血压患者 B.肝硬化腹水患者 C.
A.蠕虫B.原虫滋养体C.线虫卵D.原虫包囊E.血吸虫卵自然沉淀法主要用于()
属于麻醉药品应控制使用的镇咳药是A:福尔可定 B:可待因 C:苯丙哌林 D
采购经理人指数(PMI)是最重要的经济先行指标,涵盖生产与流通、制造业与非制造业
张中阳因房屋出租与王辉发生纠纷并诉至法院,法院判决王辉一个月内迁出张中阳的房屋。
根据规定,纳税人进口自用小汽车,在进口环节支付的下列款项中不计入车辆购置税计税依
无固定生产、经营场所的流动性农村小商贩也需要办理税务登记。()
最新回复
(
0
)