首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2023-08-14
62
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家 ) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to ______.
选项
A、try to control unpleasant stimuli
B、turn off the electricity
C、behave passively in controllable situations
D、become abnormally suspicious
答案
C
解析
根据文章第2段第3句:Jay Weiss的实验表明一旦动物遇到过它们控制不了的事情和局面,以后即使是面临它们能够控制的事情,它们的表现还是会很被动,C正确。A和B与文章所表达的意思不符;D在文中并没有提及。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2924136.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Isometimesthinkthatsomuchofourlifetakesplaceinside
[originaltext]Isometimesthinkthatsomuchofourlifetakesplaceinside
[originaltext]Isometimesthinkthatsomuchofourlifetakesplaceinside
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensi
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensi
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensi
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensi
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensi
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesuswonderjusthowsmarthumans
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesuswonderjusthowsmarthumans
随机试题
Althoughtherearebodylanguagesthatcancrossculturalboundaries,cultur
【S1】[br]【S5】G
何谓超声波。超声波的频率与分辨率及穿透性关系如何?
《中华人民共和国统计法实施细则》不得与( )。A.《中华人民共和国统计法》相抵
男婴,独坐稳,换手,认生,头围43cm腕部X线摄片,骨化中心数最多为 A.3个
A.苯巴比妥 B.苯妥英钠 C.氯丙嗪 D.异丙嗪 E.丙咪嗪可用于脑炎
工作票的使用中规定,在几个电气连接部分上工作,同时符合下列()的工作,可
化简结果为()。
A.乙醚 B.甘露醇注射剂 C.重组人促红素 D.降钙鼻喷雾剂 E.乙型
泌尿系肿瘤血尿的特点是 A.间歇性肉眼血尿 B.终末血尿伴尿频 C.初始血
最新回复
(
0
)