首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2023-08-13
21
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity _____.
选项
A、was strengthened
B、was not affected
C、was altered
D、was weakened
答案
B
解析
第1段第5句提到:Laudenslager发现那些无助的老鼠的免疫反应被削弱了,低于正常水平,而那些能切断电源的老鼠却没有。因此,B正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2922558.html
相关试题推荐
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopic"Stress
[originaltext]Scientistshavelongagreedthatwehumansareacomplexcomb
Feelingstressedoutorinneedofaboost?Soonyoumaybeabletoturnto
Feelingstressedoutorinneedofaboost?Soonyoumaybeabletoturnto
Feelingstressedoutorinneedofaboost?Soonyoumaybeabletoturnto
Feelingstressedoutorinneedofaboost?Soonyoumaybeabletoturnto
GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthat
GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthat
GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthat
GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthat
随机试题
Weallhopethatthevaluesthatareimportanttoeachofusarepassedalo
相同材料、工艺和施工条件的室内抹灰工程每()个自然间划为一个检验批。A.40
下列属于巴黎的景点是()A.凡尔赛官 B.协和广场 C.香榭丽舍大道 D.
乳腺增生病肝郁气滞证应选择的方药为A.二仙汤加减 B.失笑散加减 C.桃红四
与春天相通应的脏是A、心 B、脾 C、肺 D、肾 E、肝
下列关于市场有效性与获益情况,说法错误的是()。A.在弱式有效市场中,投
无尿是指成人24小时尿量不足A.150ml B.100ml C.80m
A.重症肌无力B.毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿(Graves病)C.慢性活动性肝炎D.原发
A公司与B公司均为增值税一般纳税人,A公司委托B公司加工一批材料(属
男婴,足月顺产,22天。出生体重3100g,生后母乳喂养,第3天出现皮肤黄染,至
最新回复
(
0
)