首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2023-08-11
26
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity _____.
选项
A、was strengthened
B、was not affected
C、was altered
D、was weakened
答案
B
解析
第1段第5句提到:Laudenslager发现那些无助的老鼠的免疫反应被削弱了,低于正常水平,而那些能切断电源的老鼠却没有。因此,B正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2917636.html
相关试题推荐
Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulated
Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulated
Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulated
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoub
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoub
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoub
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoub
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoub
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoub
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
随机试题
Ourholidaywas_________bybadweather.A、spoiltB、damagedC、destroyedD、wasted
Bynomeans______lookdownuponthedisable.A、weshouldn’tB、shouldweC、wesh
Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically
平面一般力系平衡的几何条件是力系中所有各力在两个坐标轴上投影的代数和分别等于零。
A.楔状齿 B.喉乳头瘤 C.视网膜脉络膜炎 D.水疱疹 E.新生儿淋菌
女性,36岁。反胃、嗳气、反酸伴烧心、胸痛半年来诊、查体:神清语利、面色无华,心
《统计法》规定,统计调查中获得的( )的资料,任何单位和个人不得对外提供、泄露
员工晋升的基本程序包括()。A.部门主管提出晋升申请书 B.人力资源部审核与调
下列不属于必行进行招标的项目规模标准的是()。A.施工单项合同估算价在40
施工总承包模式的特点是() A.在开工前就有较明确的合同价,有利于业主对总
最新回复
(
0
)