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  3. The fertile land of the Nile delta is being eroded along Egypt’s Mediterrane

The fertile land of the Nile delta is being eroded along Egypt’s Mediterrane

游客2023-08-09  21
问题     The fertile land of the Nile delta is being eroded along Egypt’s Mediterranean coast at an astounding rate, in some parts estimated at 100 metres per year. In the past, land scoured away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea used to be replaced by sediment brought dawn to the delta by the River Nile, but this is no longer happening.
    Up to now, people have blamed this loss of delta land on the two large dams at Aswan in the south of Egypt, which hold back virtually all of the sediment that used to flow down the river. Before the dams were built, and the Nile flowed freely, carrying huge quantities of sediment north from Africa’ s interior to be deposited on the Nile delta. This continued for 7,000 years, eventually covering a region of over 22,000 square kilometres with layers of fertile silt. Annual flooding brought in new, nutrient-rich soil to the delta region, replacing what had been washed away by the sea, and dispensing with the need for fertilizers in Egypt’ s richest food-growing area. But when the Aswan dams were constructed in the 20th century to provide electricity and irrigation, and to protect the huge population centre of Cairo and its surrounding areas from annual flooding and drought, most of the sediment with its natural fertilizer accumulated up above the dam in the southern, upstream half of Lake Nasser, instead of passing down to the delta.
    Now, however, there turns out to be more to the story. It appears that the sediment-free water emerging from the Aswan dams picks up silt and sand as it erodes the river bed and banks on the 800-kilometre trip to Cairo. Daniel Jean Stanley of the Smithsonian Institute noticed that water samples taken in Cairo, just before the river enters the delta, indicated that the river sometimes carries more than 850 grams of sediment per cubic metre of water—almost half of what it carried before the dams were built. "I’m ashamed to say that the significance of this didn’t strike me until I had read 50 or 60 studies," says Stanley in Marine Geology. "There is still a lot of sediment coming into the delta, but virtually no sediment comes out into the Mediterranean to replenish the Coastline. So this sediment must be trapped on the delta itself."
    According to Siegel, international environmental organizations are beginning to pay closer attention to the region, partly because of the problems of erosion and pollution of the Nile delta, but principally because they fear the impact this situation could have on the whole Mediterranean coastal ecosystem. But there are no easy solutions. In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available, "In my view, Egypt must devise a way to have more water running through the river and the delta," says Stanley. Easier said than done in a desert region with a rapidly growing population. [br] Why is the fertile land of the Nile delta being eroded?
选项 A、Because some chemicals corroded the land.
B、Because the land has been deserted for a long time.
C、Because acid rain eroded the land.
D、Because land cleaned away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea cannot be refilled by sediment.
答案 D
解析 细节题。根据第一段In the past，land scoured away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea used to be replaced by sediment brought dawn to thedelta by the River Nile，but this is no longer happening．“过去，由地中海洋流冲刷掉的沿岸土地会得到由尼罗河带到三角洲的土壤的补充，但是现在情况不同了。”可推知因为现在地中海洋流冲刷掉的土地得不到由尼罗河带到三角洲的土壤的补充，所以三角洲的肥沃土壤受到侵蚀，这和D选项表达一致。
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