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  3. Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to

Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to

游客2023-08-08  42
问题     Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school, says a new study from Duke University.
    The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the U. S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives.
    With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.
    They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance.
    By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers. As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries’ and grades at least 8% lower than those of their peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry.
    Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of early attention problems continued throughout the children’ s academic careers. Lower reading achievement scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate.
    "The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (注意力缺乏多动症) (ADHD) , although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes," said David Rabiner, an associate dean of Duke’ s Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties.
    Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades.
    " This study shows the importance of so-called ’ non-cognitive ’ or soft skills in contributing to children’ s positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success," said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy.
    The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention problems stay on track academically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said.
    " We’ re learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that incorporates not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills," Dodge said. " If we neglect any of these areas, the child’ s development lags. If we attend to these areas, a child’ s success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops. " [br] What is the focus of the new study from Duke University?
选项 A、The contributors to children’ s early attention.
B、The predictors of children’ s academic success.
C、The factors that affect children’ s emotional well-being.
D、The determinants of children’ s development of social skills.
答案 B
解析 细节题。原文第三段指出，在这项研究中，研究人员考察了儿童早期的学习注意力和社会情感技能，以及这两者分别是如何影响青年期的学业成就的。同时，根据第四段可知，注意力水平、社会情感技能等都是儿童学业成就的预测因素，故答案为B。文中并未提及对儿童早期注意力的影响因素，也未提及对儿童情绪健康和社交技能有影响的相关因素，A项、C项和D项原文均未提及，故排除。
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