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  3. The idea of taxing things that are bad for society has a powerful allure. It

The idea of taxing things that are bad for society has a powerful allure. It

游客2023-08-08  22
问题    The idea of taxing things that are bad for society has a powerful allure. It offers the possibility of a double benefit—【C1】______harmful activities, while also providing the government with revenue.
   Take sin taxes. Taxes on alcohol make it more expensive to get drunk, which reduces excessive drinking and【C2】______driving. At the same time, they provide state and local governments with billions of dollars of revenue. Tobacco taxes, which generate more than twice as much, have proven【C3】______in the decline of smoking, which has saved millions of lives.
   Taxes can also be an important tool for environmental protection, and many economists say taxing carbon would be the best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Economic theory says that unlike income or sales taxes, carbon taxes can actually increase economic efficiency; because companies that【C4】______carbon dioxide into the sky don’t pay the costs of the climate change they cause, carbon taxes would restore the proper【C5】______to the market.
   In reality, carbon taxes alone won’t be enough to halt global warming, but they would be a useful part of any climate plan. What’s more, the revenue from this tax, which would【C6】______be hundreds of billions of dollars per year, could be handed out to citizens as a【C7】______or used to fund green infrastructure projects.
   Similarly, a wealth tax has been put forward as a way to reduce inequality while raising revenue. The revenue from this tax, which some experts【C8】______will be over $4 trillion per decade, would be designated for housing, child care, health care and other government benefits. If you believe, as many do, that wealth inequality is【C9】______bad, then these taxes improve society while also【C10】______government coffers (金库).
   A) discouraging F) imprisoned K) merging
   B) dividend G) incentives L) predict
   C) emotional H) inherently M) probably
   D) fragments I) initially N) pump
   E) impaired J) instrumental O) swelling [br] 【C4】
选项
答案 N
解析 [语法判断]分析句子成分可知，that引导的定语从句修饰名词companies，从句中缺少谓语动词且句子为一般现在时，因此该词应为动词原形并可以与其后的介词into搭配。[语义判断]分号前的内容表达了经济理论的观点：碳税实际上可以提高经济效率；分号后的内容表示一些公司没有为气候变化付出代价。文中指出，这些公司将_______二氧化碳到空中。在备选动词原形中，只有N)pump“输送”符合上下文语义，为本题答案。pump carbon dioxide into the sky表示“向天空排放二氧化碳”。
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