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  3. Most of us experience false alarms with phones, because it is a common and u

Most of us experience false alarms with phones, because it is a common and u

游客2023-08-04  23
问题     Most of us experience false alarms with phones, because it is a common and unavoidable part of healthy brain function.
    Sensing phantom (错觉的) phone vibrations is a strangely common experience. Around 80％ of us have imagined a phone vibrating in our pockets when it’s actually completely still. Almost 30％ of us have also heard non-existent ringing. Are these hallucinations (幻觉) ominous (不祥的) signs of impending madness caused by digital culture?
    Not at all. In fact, phantom vibrations and ringing illustrate a fundamental principle in psychology.
    It’s an example of a perceptual system, just like a fire alarm, an automatic door, or a daffodil bulb that must decide when spring has truly started. Your brain has to make a perceptual judgment about whether the phone in your pocket is really vibrating. And, analogous to a daffodil bulb on a warm February morning, it has to decide whether the incoming signals from the skin near your pocket indicate a true change in the world.
    Psychologists use a concept called Signal Detection Theory to guide their thinking about the problem of perceptual judgments. Analyzing the example of phone vibrations, we can see how this theory explains why they are a common and unavoidable part of healthy mental function.
    When your phone is in your pocket, the world is in one of two possible states: the phone is either ringing or not. You also have two possible states of mind: the judgment that the phone is ringing, or the judgment that it isn’t. Obviously you’d like to match these states in the correct way. True vibrations should go with "it’s ringing", and no vibrations should go with "it’s not ringing". Signal detection theory calls these faithful matches a "hit" and a "correct rejection", respectively.
    But there are two other possible combinations: you could mismatch true vibrations with "it’s not ringing" (a "miss"); or mismatch the absence of vibrations with "it’s ringing" (a "false alarm"). This second kind of mismatch is what’s going on when you imagine a phantom phone vibration.
    For situations where easy judgments can be made, such as deciding if someone says your name in a quiet room, you will probably make perfect matches every time. But when judgments are more difficult—if you have to decide whether someone says your name in a noisy room, or have to evaluate something you’re not skilled at—mismatches will occasionally happen. And these mistakes will be either misses or false alarms. [br] In what situation are mismatches more likely to happen?
选项 A、Deciding if someone is singing a song in a quiet place.
B、Deciding if a black cat is sitting in an empty white sofa.
C、Deciding if a bee is flying in a garden full of yellow flowers.
D、Deciding whether something you are skilled at is good or not.
答案 C
解析 推断题。根据题干中的situation和mismatches可定位到文章最后一段。最后一段第二句介绍了错误匹配会在更难做出判断的情况下偶然出现，例如在吵闹的房间里判断是否有人在叫自己的名字，或是对自己不擅长的事物做出评价。选项中只有C项“在开满黄色花朵的花园中判断是否有蜜蜂在飞”属于此类情况，因此选C。
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