2. 职称英语
  3. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a b

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a b

游客2023-08-04  33
问题     In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog (齿轮) in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white collar workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
    The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
    Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
    Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century "free enterprise" capitalism (资本主义) ? Certainly not. Problems are not solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism (工业制度) in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. [br] What does the author say about the employees with comfortable working conditions?
选项 A、They have become powerless and unable to focus on their work.
B、They have to dance to the rhythm of a working machine every day.
C、They cannot put all the energy into work because of family chores.
D、They always feel tired of the management and bureaucracy of the factory.
答案 A
解析 根据题干信息词comfortable working conditions定位到第一段，该段指出：“总体而言，我们的社会正在变成一个采用官僚式管理的巨大的企业，在其中，人变成了机械上的一个小小的、平滑的齿轮。高薪、通风良好的工厂、喇叭音乐、心理学家及‘人际关系’专家都是润滑油；然而，这些润滑油并没有改变这样的事实：人们变得无能了，不但没有全身心投入工作中，而且对工作感到厌烦。”由此可知，尽管工作条件良好，但是这些员工变得无能了，而且他们无法集中注意力。故本题应选A。
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