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A research led by the University of Sydney has found that people often think

游客2023-08-04  39
问题     A research led by the University of Sydney has found that people often think other people are staring at them even when they aren’t. When in doubt, the human brain is more likely to tell its owner that he’s under the gaze of another person.
    "Gaze perception—the ability to tell what a person is looking at—is a social cue that people often take for granted," says Professor Colin Clifford from the University’s School of Psychology.
    To tell if they’re under someone’s gaze, people look at the position of the other person’s eyes and the direction of their heads. These visual cues are then sent to the brain where there are specific areas that compute this information.
    However, the brain doesn’t just passively receive information from the eyes. The study shows that when people have limited visual cues, such as in dark conditions or when the other person is wearing sunglasses, the brain takes over with what it "knows".
    The researchers created images of faces and asked people to observe where the faces were looking. "We made it difficult for the observers to see where the eyes were pointed so they would have to rely on their prior knowledge to judge the faces’ direction of gaze," Professor Clifford explains. "It turns out that we’re likely to believe that others are staring at us, especially when we’re uncertain."
    "There are several speculations to why humans have this bias," Professor Clifford says. "Direct gaze can signal dominance or a threat, and if you perceive something as a threat, you would not want to miss it. So assuming that the other person is looking at you may simply be a safer strategy. Also, direct gaze is often a social cue that the other person wants to communicate with us, so it’s a signal for an upcoming interaction."
    "It’s important that we find out whether it’s innate or learned—and how this might affect people with certain mental conditions," Professor Clifford says.
    Research has shown, for example, that people who have autism (孤独症) are less able to tell whether someone is looking at them. People with social anxiety, on the other hand, have a higher tendency to think that they are under the stare of others.
    "So if it is a learned behaviour, we could help them practice this task—one possibility is letting them observe a lot of faces with different eyes and head directions, and giving them feedback on whether their observations are accurate." [br] What will happen when people don’t have enough visual cues according to the study?
选项 A、They will make judgments through prior knowledge.
B、They will believe someone is staring at them.
C、They will try hard to see where the eyes are pointed.
D、They will depend on the limited visual cues to judge.
答案 A
解析 细节题。根据题干中的don’t have enough visual cues定位到原文第四段第二句和第五段第二句。这两句提到，研究表明，如果人们得到的视觉线索有限——比如当光线较暗或当别人戴着墨镜时，大脑就会根据经验做出判断。我们故意提高难度，使得观察者很难辨别眼睛所看之处，因此他们不得不以自己的先验知识进行判断。题干中的don’t have enough与原文中的limited同义。因而A项表述符合原文，故选A。
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