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Born from the accessibility of mass air travel, modern international tourism

游客2023-08-04  31
问题     Born from the accessibility of mass air travel, modern international tourism has been popularized as "holiday-making" in regions that offer comparative advantages of sand, sun and sea. Travel is often portrayed as a tool for personal growth and tourism as an economic motor for destination countries and cities. There is a tendency to assume that tourism is good for everyone involved.
    Today the big bang of tourism drives over 1.2 billion tourists across international borders annually. Many popular places are literally being loved to death. Recent protests in ports of call like Venice and Barcelona against disturbances created by cruise ships show the unfortunate consequences of emphasizing quantity over quality in tourism.
    Uncontrolled tourism development has become a primary driver of social and environmental disruption. Tourism studies provide much documentation of the many negative social impacts of tourism and resulting resentment that local populations direct toward visitors.
    Antagonism toward tourists typically develops in mature, heavily visited destinations. Protests in heavily visited destinations suggest that traditional tourism has overstayed its welcome.
    Residents often become frustrated when the benefits of tourism are not felt locally. Although it can generate foreign exchange, income and employment, there’s no guarantee that multinational hotel chains will allocate these benefits equitably among local communities.
    On the contrary, when people stay at large resorts or on cruise ships, they make most of their purchases there, leaving local communities little opportunity to benefit from tourist spending. These forms of tourism widen economic and political gaps between haves and have-nots at local destinations.
    In recent decades, local residents in destination communities also have found themselves negotiating new cultural boundaries, class dynamics, service industry roles and lifestyle transformations. For example, data show that tourism activity corresponds to increased social problems as local residents adopt the behaviors of tourists.
    What does all this mean for the everyday traveler?
    First, all tourists should make every effort to honor their hosts and respect local conditions. This means being prepared to adapt to local customs and norms, rather than expecting local conditions to adapt to travelers.
    Second, tourism is a market-based activity and works best when consumers reward better performers. In the information age, there’s little excuse for travelers being uninformed about where their vacation money goes and who it enriches.
    Informed travelers also are better able to distinguish between multinational companies and local entrepreneurs whose businesses provide direct social, environmental, and economic benefits for local residents. Such businesses are in love with the destination and are therefore deserving of market reward. In the long run, being a responsible traveler means ensuring net positive impacts for local people and environments. With the information available at our fingertips, there has never been more opportunity to do so. [br] How does the author say local residents in destination communities respond to tourism activity?
选项 A、They endeavor to adapt to it.
B、They readily adopt new lifestyles.
C、They immerse tourists in their culture.
D、They try to upgrade their business models.
答案 A
解析 根据题干中的信息词local residents和respond to tourism activity，答案线索可以定位于文章第七段。文章第七段首句指出“旅游地社区的当地居民也发现自己在协商新的文化边界、阶级动态、服务业角色和生活方式的转变”，也就是说当地居民在为适应旅游活动做出改变，同时该段第二句也提到“当地居民采纳了游客的行为”，综上所述，选项A是对该段的总结，故为正确答案。文章提到当地居民正在协商生活方式的转变，但是否乐于采用新的生活方式，文章并未明确指出，故排除选项B。选项C、D在文中没有提到，均排除。
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