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  3. The first step to defeating an enemy is to pin down his exact identity and h

The first step to defeating an enemy is to pin down his exact identity and h

游客2023-08-03  30
问题     The first step to defeating an enemy is to pin down his exact identity and how he operates. Hypertension—chronic, abnormally raised blood pressure—causes heart attacks, strokes and a multitude of other【C1】________conditions. Around a third of Americans and Britons suffer from it. It is thus a worthy enemy and【C2】________its cause is a priority. Until now, this has mostly seemed to lie in the kidneys. But Hidefumi Waki and Julian Paton of Bristol University think they have gathered some valuable new【C3】________ —by studying the brain.
    In a previous experiment Dr. Waki and Dr. Paton had found that rodents (啮齿动物) with high blood pressure expressed some genes differently in an area of the brain, called the solitary nucleus (孤束核), which sets the body’s normal blood pressure level. One of these genes was called "junctional adhesion (粘连) molecule-1" or JAM-1 for short. It is a molecule normally found in the walls of blood【C4】________that attracts clotting and immune cells—in other words, it causes inflammation. So the pair decided to look at JAM-1 in further depth.
    They found that in rats with high blood pressure JAM-1 levels were raised not only in the brain but also the kidney, spleen, lungs and skeletal muscle. To find out whether this was the cause or effect of high blood pressure, they then【C5】________the JAM-1 gene into the solitary nucleus of normal rats. After two weeks, these rats suffered from higher blood pressure than rats that had not received the gene.
    【C6】________, experts thought that high blood pressure was caused by the kidneys. The idea was that the kidneys failed to【C7】________the blood pressure. This then caused the lungs to make a hormone (荷尔蒙) that increases blood pressure, leading to a chain of events that raised pressure throughout the blood-vessel network. All blood-pressure-lowering drugs work by seeking to put this right. Yet blaming the kidneys cannot be the full【C8】________of what is going on, because only half the sufferers respond to blood-pressure-lowering drugs.
    Although these findings are【C9】________, they have far-reaching implications. Variations in the JAM-1 gene and its expression may explain why high blood pressure tends to run in families, although it is also caused by a poor diet. The finding also shows that the brain could increase the activity of the sympathetic nerves, the part of the nervous system involved in stress response. Ultimately, the finding could hasten the development of drugs that would attack hypertension at its source, stopping its deadly【C10】________in their tracks.
    A) Accordingly   F) nasty         K) reproaching
    B) consequences  G) perseverance  L) sense
    C) explanation   H) preliminary   M) sturdy
    D) intelligence  I) Previously    N) transferred
    E) nailing       J) reconcile     O) vessels [br] 【C2】
选项
答案 E
解析 动词辨析题。空格位于并列连词and之后，名词词组its cause之前，可推断此处缺少动名词作第二个并列句的主语。由上文的“Around a third of Americans and Britons suffer from it. ”可推知，对于高血压这个劲敌，人们首先要做的就是找到其根源。备选项中动名词nailing“揭露”符合句意，故E为本题答案。
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