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  3. Since ancient times, the destructive effects of earthquakes on human lives and p

Since ancient times, the destructive effects of earthquakes on human lives and p

游客2023-08-01  31
问题 Since ancient times, the destructive effects of earthquakes on human lives and property have encouraged the search for reliable methods of earthquake prediction. This challenge remains and modern scientists continue to search for reliable methods to determine the time, place and intensity of individual quakes. One prediction technique involves an analysis of the recurrence (重现) rates of earthquakes as indicators of future activity. Earthquakes are concentrated in certain areas of the world which are subject to constant movements of earth’s plates and it is in these areas that scientists focus their investigations.
This search for pre-earthquake phenomena has received particular attention. In contrast to the ancient Greeks and Romans, who relied on the crying of dogs as a warning sign, modern scientists have focused on physical evidence for a coming earthquake. Evidence of plate strain can be found by measuring relative movements, while chemical changes also offer signals for scientists.
Analysis of the changes in magnetic properties and conductivity (传导性) of rocks provides further data for prediction. The electrical and magnetic properties of crustal (地壳的) rocks are particularly sensitive to strain. The conductivity of crustal rock is determined by the degree to which the rock is soaked with fluid and the electrolytic properties of those fluids. Before large earthquakes, small fractures develop in rocks, which change the quantity of fluid present. These changes can be measured and provide useful data. However, similar changes in the fluid, bearing capacity of rock can occur as a result of other factors such as changes in the water table, and therefore this technique is not entirely reliable.
The ancient believe that the behavior of birds, cats and dogs provides evidence of inevitable earthquakes has recently been attended as a result of tests carried out in California. It has been shown that changes take place in the metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates of these animals correlate with subsequent seismic activity. It is assumed that the animals are sensitive to the seismic waves which precede major quakes. In zones where earthquakes are known to occur, improved construction techniques can significantly reduce the effects of seismic waves. If more accurate information regarding the time and intensity were available, governments could take even more effective measures to reduce the impact on human life, if, however, an entirely accurate prediction technique became available, there would be significant social and political implications.
选项 A、improvement in mathematics allows figures to be very accurate
B、this method has been used since ancient times and proved very effective
C、most scientists focus their investigations on the quakes of certain areas
D、continuous plate movements often result in earthquakes in certain areas
答案 D
解析 由题干中的Recurrence rates of earthquakes定位到原文首段第三句One prediction technique involves an analysis of the recurrence rates of earthquakes as indicators of future activity．[精析] 原因目的题[考频：24]。原文首段最后两句说“一种预测技术是把对地震重现率的分析作为未来地震活动的指示器。地震总是集中在受到地球板块持续运动影响的特定区域，科学家把他们的研究集中在这个特定区域”。由此可知，重现率可以帮助预测以后的地震，因为持续的板块运动通常在特定区域造成地震。D)与之相符，故为正确答案。[避错] 原文并未提及数学上的改进及其对数据准确性的帮助，排除A)；由原文可知；此方法并非从古应用至今，原文也并未提及其非常实用，排除B)；C)没有明确说明是原文提及的“受到地球板块持续运动影响的特定区域”，只是一个模糊的说法，故排除。
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