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  3. The predictability of our mortality rates is something that has long puzzled

The predictability of our mortality rates is something that has long puzzled

游客2023-07-30  26
问题    The predictability of our mortality rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all, there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. No one establishes a quota(配额) for each type of death. It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year.
   A few years ago a Canadian psychologist named Gerald Wilde became interested in this phenomenon. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the Western world have remained oddly static throughout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. Wilde developed an interesting theory called "risk homeostasis(自我平衡)". According to this theory, people instinctively live with a certain level of risk. When something is made safer, people will get around the measure in some way to reassert the original level of danger. If, for instance, they are required to wear seat belts, they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly, thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers. Other studies have shown that where an intersection is made safer. the accident rate invariably falls there but rises to a compensating level elsewhere along the same stretch of road. it appears, then, that we have an innate need for danger.
   In all events, it is becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than had been previously thought. It now appears that if you wish to live a long life, it isn’t simply a matter of adhering to certain precautions: eating the right foods, not smoking, driving with care. You must also have the fight attitude. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons’ personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. Looking on the bright side, it seems, can add years to your life span. [br] Which of the following may contribute to a longer life span?
选项 A、Eating the food low In fat and driving with great care.
B、Cultivating an optimistic personality and never losing heart.
C、Showing adequate suspicion to others.
D、Looking on the bright side and developing a balanced level of risk.
答案 B
解析 细节题，由题干中的关键词life span定位到最后一段结尾部分，其中提到：真正帮助人长寿的是a sunny disposition。选项B中的an optimistic personality and never losing heart正是a sunny disposition的特征，所以是正确答案。文章倒数第二句指出：疑心重的人比乐观豁达的人早逝，排除C；文中所说的eating the right foods并不等于摄人低脂食物，故排除A。D后半部分developing a balanced level of risk不对。
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