首页
登录
职称英语
Anthrax The last case of inhalational (pulmon
Anthrax The last case of inhalational (pulmon
游客
2023-07-28
7
管理
问题
Anthrax
The last case of inhalational (pulmonary) anthrax in England and Wales was in 1974, and this was the last time that anyone in England and Wales died from anthrax. In the past twenty years there have been fourteen cases of skin (cutaneous) anthrax and all of these people recovered.
What’s anthrax?
Anthrax is a bacterial infection caused by the organism Becillus anthracis. The bacterium can be found in grass-eating wild and domestic animals such as cows and sheep, most often in the agriculture regions of Europe (Southern and Eastern). The bacterium forms spores that can survive and lay dormant in the environment, for example, in the soil. These spores need a suitable environment to germinate and cause anthrax infection. This environment may be in the skin, lungs, or the intestine.
There are three different types of Anthrax:
1. Cutaneous —the commonest form
This is the most common type and accounts for approximately 95% of eases. These people handing dead animals, such as abattoir workern and tanners, are at most risk of developing cutaneous anthrax, which is nicknamed "woolsorter’s disease". When animal products such as wool, hides, or leather of infected animals are handled infection occurs when the bacterium comes into direct contact with a cut or abrasion in the skin. At first the skin itches. This is soon followed by appearance of a small raised itchy bump that looks like an insect bite. This skin lesion is commonly located on the head, forearms, or hands.
Within 1-2 days the skin lesion develops into a vesicle and then becomes a painless ulcer. This is usually around 1-3 centimeters in diameter and after 2-6 days the black dying central area of the ulcer that is characteristic of cutaneous anthrax is apparent. Left untreated cutaneous anthrax infection can spread and cause blood poisoning, which is fatal in around 5-20% of cases. However, with effective antibiotic treatment, very few deaths occur.
2. Inhalatioanl —very rare
When inhaled the larger spores lodge in the windpipe or threat whilst smaller ones lodge further down the respiratory tract in the lungs. The anthrax bacteria produce toxins that are able to enter the bloodstream and cause haemorrhaging and tissue decay. Initial symptoms of inhalational anthrax are mild and non-specific, and are similar to the symptoms include tiredness, weakness, fever, mild non-productive cough, and chest pain, If not treated, over the next 2-6 days this mild phase becomes very severe causing shortness of breath and difficulty breathing, sepsis, and bleeding.
By the time the infection has reached this stage if is usually fatal.
3. Intestinal —the most rare form
This form of the disease may follow the ingestion of contaminated meat and is a very rare form of food poisoning. Initial symptoms of the illness are nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and fever. As the infection becomes more severe, abdominal pain, vomiting of blood, and severe diarrhea occur. Very often intestinal anthrax is fatal.
Treatment
Successful treatment of anthrax infection can be achieved when the disease is identified early on. Treatment is with a course of antibiotics. It is not necessary to quarantine patients with confirmed anthrax since it is extremely unusual for anthrax to be transmitted from person to person.
Commonly asked questions
How long does someone have the infection before symptoms of anthrax develop? Usually between 1-7 days, but the incubation period can be up to 60 days. Who is most at risk of contracting anthrax? Anthrax is an occupational hazard of; workers who process animal hides, hair, bone and bone products; agricultural workers; vets; and those working with anthrax in specialist laboratories. Do I need to be vaccinated? A vaccination against anthrax is available but it is only recommended for those people at highest risk. It is not recommended for the general public. There is no need for UK residents to be vaccinated before traveling to be the United States of America.
What should I do if I am concerned about anthrax infection? Discuss your concerns with your GP and log on to the Public Health Laboratory. I have received a suspicious package or letter. What should I do? Do not open it. Place it in a plastic bag and call the local police station for advice. Do not take it to the police station. [br] We should ______ when we receive a suspicious letter.
选项
答案
place it in a plastic bag and call the local police station
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2877619.html
相关试题推荐
AnthraxThelastcaseofinhalational(pulmon
AnthraxThelastcaseofinhalational(pulmon
AnthraxThelastcaseofinhalational(pulmon
AnthraxThelastcaseofinhalational(pulmon
AnthraxThelastcaseofinhalational(pulmon
AnthraxThelastcaseofinhalational(pulmon
AnthraxThelastcaseofinhalational(pulmon
AnthraxThelastcaseofinhalational(pulmon
AnthraxThelastcaseofinhalational(pulmon
AnthraxThelastcaseofinhalational(pulmon
随机试题
[originaltext]W:Goodmorning,Peter.M:Goodmorning,Julia.W:Docomein.Yo
[originaltext]M:[5]Lookatalltheequipmenthere.Theymustbeusedforsome
唐代书法家怀素以___________著称于世。()A.隶书 B.楷书 C
嘉奖有突出成就和重大贡献的单位和人员可用命令。()
某早产儿出生后因Apgar评分较低转入新生儿病房,治疗12天后身体状况好转,今日
下列关于相对价值估价模型适用性的说法中,错误的是()。A、市净率估价模型不适用于
下列四项指标中,在“十一五”期间增长最快的是()。A.江苏农村居民人均纯收入
鱼肝油乳剂处方中的组成有鱼肝油、阿拉伯胶、西黄蓍胶、糖精钠、杏仁油、羟苯乙酯、纯
下列对于明显微小的错报的理解中,不正确的是()。A.注册会计师应当累积审计过程
根据《水利基本建设项目竣工决算审计规程》规定,项目法人在收到审计结论后()个工作
最新回复
(
0
)