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  3. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. So-cal

Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. So-cal

游客2023-07-28  29
问题     Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory.
    Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
    In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species.
    Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance. [br] According to the assumption given in the last paragraph, we don’t exactly know____________.
选项
答案 how adjustments are made between memory and forgetting
解析 最后一段指出“In this view，continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage and forgetting”：“依据这种观念，学习或记忆储存和遗忘之间可不断调整”。又提到“Indeed，there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is related to how much they have learned”：“的确，有证据表明：一个人的遗忘率与他的学习量直接有关”。那么，一个人遗忘率与学习量是什么样的关系?怎么调控记忆与遗忘?据此，我们可总结出正确答案为； how adjustments are made between memory and forgetting。
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