首页
登录
职称英语
A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation o
A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation o
游客
2023-07-28
11
管理
问题
A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was conducted by a psychologist, John Calhoun. In each experiment, an equal number of male and female rats were placed in an enclosure. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. At the end of the experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.
The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers’ care, the pups died. The experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered diseased, pathological (病理学的).
The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. This deviant (不正常的) behavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding.
Non-dominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely, avoiding contact with other rats. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other.
The behavior of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of rats in Calhoun’s experiments. In large urban areas, such as New York City, London, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? Calhoun’s experiments suggest that it might be. In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments. [br] The author implies that the behavior of the dominant male rats is sometimes parallel with that of ______.
选项
A、cruel, powerful people
B、people who abandon their children
C、hyperactive people
D、people who would like to keep to themselves
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2876383.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Togetadriver’slicense,youmusttakeaseriesoftests.T
[originaltext]Togetadriver’slicense,youmusttakeaseriesoftests.T
[originaltext]Togetadriver’slicense,youmusttakeaseriesoftests.T
Therearetwofactorsthatdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirst
Therearetwofactorsthatdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirst
Therearetwofactorsthatdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirst
Therearetwofactorsthatdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirst
Therearetwofactorsthatdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirst
[originaltext]Thefoodweeatseemstohaveproducedprofoundeffectsonou
[originaltext]Thefoodweeatseemstohaveproducedprofoundeffectsonou
随机试题
Throughouthistorythebasicunitofalmosteveryhumansocietyhasbeenthe
Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?[br][originaltext]Threesummersago
[originaltext]M:IwillbecomingstraightfromworksoI’dbetterbringanothe
AccordingtopsychologistSharonDraper,ourclothingchoicescanabsolutely
Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthe
《后汉书》载:“……班超定西域……遣甘英穷临西海而还。”西海是指()。A.地中
一般而言,被子植物受精后继续发育的部分是( )。A.雄蕊 B.子房 C.花
有条件检测单位均应对主要电气设备做一次红外诊断性检测,并形成报告或建立红外数据(
一湾清清的沱江水穿城而过,一条条砖红的石板街________,一排排______
电子媒体档案是保存于电脑硬盘的文字和图形图像资料,一般是以()形式存贮的。A:
最新回复
(
0
)