首页
登录
职称英语
A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation o
A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation o
游客
2023-07-28
37
管理
问题
A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was conducted by a psychologist, John Calhoun. In each experiment, an equal number of male and female rats were placed in an enclosure. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. At the end of the experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.
The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers’ care, the pups died. The experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered diseased, pathological (病理学的).
The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. This deviant (不正常的) behavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding.
Non-dominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely, avoiding contact with other rats. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other.
The behavior of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of rats in Calhoun’s experiments. In large urban areas, such as New York City, London, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? Calhoun’s experiments suggest that it might be. In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments. [br] Calhoun stabilized the rat population ______.
选项
A、when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stress
B、by removing young rats
C、so that there was a constant number of adult rats in the enclosure
D、all of the above are correct
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2876380.html
相关试题推荐
【B1】[br]【B8】A、disciplineB、confineC、defineD、determineB语义衔接题。此题可以用排除法,只有选B)句
Thepassagesummarizesharmfuleffectsofanimalexperiment.However,asanimal
Thepassagesummarizesharmfuleffectsofanimalexperiment.However,asanimal
Thepassagesummarizesharmfuleffectsofanimalexperiment.However,asanimal
Thepassagesummarizesharmfuleffectsofanimalexperiment.However,asanimal
Thepassagesummarizesharmfuleffectsofanimalexperiment.However,asanimal
TheBushAdministrationappearsdeterminedtocontinuethewarondrugsthathas
Peoplewhoarehitbylightningandsurviveoftenhavelong-termeffects.Thes
Peoplewhoarehitbylightningandsurviveoftenhavelong-termeffects.Thes
Peoplewhoarehitbylightningandsurviveoftenhavelong-termeffects.Thes
随机试题
Itisnotsurprisingthataphilosophyborrowedfrombusinessshouldseeits
Mostpeoplewhogoonlinehavemainlypositiveexperience.But,(1)______any
责罚是一种维持课堂纪律的有效策略.()
工程竣工验收文件包括()。A.竣工图 B.竣工验收与备案文件 C.竣工决算文
血小板聚集功能与哪项无关A.血浆钙离子 B.血浆纤维蛋白原 C.血管性血友病
批量是指批中()。A.产品数量 B.用于抽检的产品数量 C.子批数量
镜影细胞的镜下特点包括 A.双核面对面排列,彼此对称B.核仁明显 C.核膜
现在越来越多的企业采用横向一体化战略,可以采用的途径有( )。A.购买 B.
一平面简谐横波的波动表达式为y=0.002cos(400πt-20πx)(SI)
采用()制造的光纤,成本最低,但传输损耗最大,可用于短距离通信。A.铜线
最新回复
(
0
)