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  3. Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestert

Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestert

游客2023-07-28  28
问题     Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate". Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺)of cigarettes through a series of tests.
    In the first test, each subject (试验对象)sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well.
    The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Nonsmokers  were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
    In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
    The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing.  Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
    "As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins." He predicts, "Smokers might perform adequately at many jobs--until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity." [br] The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ______.
选项 A、beat
B、envied
C、caught up with
D、made the best of
答案 A
解析 词汇题。该词见于“…deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette  just before testing．”由上下文推断这句话的意思应为：没有被允许吸烟的人优于那些在测试前一刻吸过烟的人，所以best应该是超过的意思。beat击败，战胜；catch up with赶上；envy妒忌；make the best of充分利用。可以看出，beat和best意思最接近。
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