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  3. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterpr

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterpr

游客2023-07-28  31
问题     The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produced these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that decide how resources are used to produce it.
    An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to file demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in mm will lower the prize and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is a more regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
    The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a produce or to make a free contract with another private individual. [br] According to the passage, what is the characteristic of a private-enterprise economy?
选项 A、Private property.
B、Manpower and natural resources control.
C、Ownership of productive resources.
D、Free contracts and prices.
答案 A
解析 文章第三段说“私人企业经济中的重要因素是个人被准许拥有生产资料(个人财产)，并被准许雇佣劳动力，赢得对自然资源的控股权，在有一定利润的情况下，生产并销售产品，提供服务。在美国的经济里，个人财产这个概念不仅包括了对生产资料的所有权，而且也包括若干其它权利，如为产品定价的权利或与另一个体自由签约的权利。”通过对四个选项的分析，只有A说的最全面。
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