首页
登录
职称英语
In most systems of medicine, the healer artfully evokes the patient’s powers
In most systems of medicine, the healer artfully evokes the patient’s powers
游客
2023-07-24
39
管理
问题
In most systems of medicine, the healer artfully evokes the patient’s powers of self-suggestion, which are responsible for whatever healing may occur. This mysterious gift of self-healing is cloaked with an anodyne(止痛的) label, the "placebo effect", and recognized only as a nuisance likely to confound clinical trials. But the placebo ( Latin for "I will please" ) and its shadowy twin the nocebo ( "I will harm" ) are much more than methodological problems: they lie at the heart of every interaction between doctor and patient.
How they work no one knows. But the brain rules the body in many subconscious ways, including its control of the body’s major hormones and its subtle influence over the immune system. So it’s possible that, in ways yet unknown, expectations about health or disease are sometimes translated in to a bodily reaction that fulfils them. The power of these effects is hard to overstate.
A rule of thumb is that 30 percent of patients in the placebo half of a drug trial ( i. e. those who unknowingly receive a dummy pill instead of the real thing) will experience all improvement in symptoms. But the proportion may be much higher. Just like real drugs, placebo pills can produce stronger effects in larger doses. Patients will report greater relief when given a larger pill, or two dummy capsules instead of one.
Doctors’ expectations also contribute to the awesome power of the placebo effect. In a study of tooth extraction, patients were given either a painkiller or sham drugs. Some dentists were assigned to give either drug, without knowing which, but other dentists knew they would be giving only sham drugs. The patients whose dentists thought they had at least a 50-50 chance of giving a painkiller suffered significantly less pain. Presumably, doctors transmit their expectations to the patient through subtle cues, often without knowing they are doing so. [br] According to paragraph three, what can we learn about the experiment?
选项
A、30% of the patients take placebos.
B、The effect of placebo has nothing to do with the dose.
C、Patients feel still better if they are given two instead of one placebo.
D、Patients know they are taking placebos rather than real drugs.
答案
C
解析
该段第四句说placebo pills can produce stronger effects in larger doses,第五句又进一步具体地说病人如果服用一个大点的药丸或吃两个而不是一个,就会报告说感觉更好,故选C)。该段第二句意思是说,在一次药物实验中,有一半人服用了placebo(in the placebo half of a drug trial),在这一半人中,有30%的人症状有改善,并不是所有病人的30%服用placebo,排除A);B)与第四句的说法正好相反,排除 B);第二句括号里的部分明确说那些服用placebo的人是unknowingly(不明真相地)接受了一个假药丸(即placebo),排除D)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2864601.html
相关试题推荐
Whilevirtualrealitysystemsaregettingbetteratimmersingusinasimula
Whilevirtualrealitysystemsaregettingbetteratimmersingusinasimula
Whilevirtualrealitysystemsaregettingbetteratimmersingusinasimula
WhattoDoWhenthePatientSays,’PleaseDon’tTellMom’Som
WhattoDoWhenthePatientSays,’PleaseDon’tTellMom’Som
WhattoDoWhenthePatientSays,’PleaseDon’tTellMom’Som
WhattoDoWhenthePatientSays,’PleaseDon’tTellMom’Som
WhattoDoWhenthePatientSays,’PleaseDon’tTellMom’Som
WhattoDoWhenthePatientSays,’PleaseDon’tTellMom’Som
Inmostsystemsofmedicine,thehealerartfullyevokesthepatient’spowers
随机试题
Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehaviour.Vie
Atschoolandatwork,Ihavenoticedthatpeoplehavedifferentkindsofwo
Objectsinagravitationalfieldexperienceaslowingdownoftime,calledtime
(1)OfallthecatastrophesmatcouldbefallAmericaincomingyears,abigt
尿毒症患者发生肾性骨营养不良症的最主要原因是()。A.尿钙排泄增多 B.长期
A.既能宁神益智,又能补脾益肺 B.既能宁心安神,又能止泻止汗 C.既能宁心
硝酸甘油的抗心绞痛的作用机制是A.抑制心肌钙离子的外流B.兴奋心肌上的β受体C.
共用题干 孕妇,32岁,孕1产0。现妊娠33周,近10天自觉头晕、乏力、心悸及
关于建设方案研究的任务的说法,正确的有( )。A.对3种以上可能的建设方案进行优
(2017年真题)固定总价合同中,承包商承担的价格风险是()。A.工程计量错误
最新回复
(
0
)