首页
登录
职称英语
Globalisation For many, the surprise of finding
Globalisation For many, the surprise of finding
游客
2023-07-23
33
管理
问题
Globalisation
For many, the surprise of finding a McDonalds outlet in Moscow or Beijing provides no greater symbol of the spread globalisation. Used to explain all manner of economic, cultural and political change that has swept over the world in recent decades, globalisation is a term that continues to cause intellectual debate. Some see it as inevitable and desirable, but it is a contentious issue with an increasing number of individual citizens around the world questioning whether or not the implications of globalisation, in terms of international distribution of income and decreasing poverty, are effective. The beginning of globalisation is inextricably linked to technological improvements in the field of international communications and a fall in the cost of international transport and travel. Entrepreneurs and powerbrokers took advantage of these advances to invest capital into foreign countries. This became the basic mechanism for globalistion with the trading of currencies, stocks and bonds growing rapidly.
Breaking down the barriers through the free movement of capital, free trade and political cooperation was seen as a positive move that would not only increase living standards around the world, but also raise political and environmental awareness, especially in developing countries, predictions were that nations would become more outward-looking in their policy-making, as they searched for opportunities to increase economic growth. Roles would be assigned to various players around the globe as capital providers, exporters of technology, suppliers of services, sources of labour, etc. Consequently, countries and economies could concentrate on what they were good at and as a result, markets would experience increased efficiency.
The process of economic globalisation was without doubt led by commercial and financial powerbrokers but there were many others who supported the integration of world economies. As multinational companies searched for new work-forces and raw materials, nongovernment organizations and lobby groups were optimistic that in the wake of global business, indigenous cultures might be given a reprieve with an injection of foreign capital. This would, in turn, provide local employment opportunities. By spreading trade more evenly between developed and developing nations, it was touted that poverty would decrease and living standards would rise.
Governments saw the chance to attract multinational companies with taxbreaks and incentives to set up in-country, effectively buying employment opportunities for their constituents.
By the late 1990s, some trepidation started to surface and globalisatlon faced its most public set- back. The spectacular economic collapses in Korea, Brazil, Thailand and other countries were considered, rightly or wrongly, to be caused by the outwardly-oriented trade policies that globalisation espoused such as the growth of exports. These countries had enjoyed record growth for a relatively short time, but when faced with difficulties, the growth appeared unsustainable. The vulnerability and risk associated with reliance on exports and international markets was made clear.
Meanwhile though, through the 1990s and early 2000s, multinational companies continued to do well financially. Pro f. its were increasing, keeping shareholders happy, but the anticipated spin-offs were not being felt at the workers’ level or in local communities in the form of increased employment. These successful companies did not want to share the benefits of the increased efficiency they were receiving as g result of introducing their own work practices. The multinationals were setting their own agendas, with governments, in many cases, turning a blind eye fearing that they might pull out and cause more unemployment, Free trade was now accused of restricting governments, who were no longer setting the rules, and domestic markets felt increasingly threatened by the power that the multinational had.
The negative consequences of globalisation have now become a concern for many protest groups in different nations. If the concept of globalisation was meant to benefit all nations, they say, then it has failed. Rich countries, like America, continue to grow richer and more powerful with many of the head offices of multinationals based there. The economies of s6mc developing countries though, especially in Africa, are making only negligible if any progress in the war against poverty. As a result, protestors are confronting the advocates of globalisation on their own doorstep as power-players meet at economic summits in already-globalised cities.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) maintains that globalisation has succeeded in establishing a more equitable share of world-trade and remains optimistic that gulf between rich and poorer nations, given the sight conditions, will be considerably lessened in the future. They point out that no country can afford to opt out of globalisation and, indeed, would be foolish to attempt to do so. They maintain that "nonglobalising developing countries" have made slower progress than "globalising developing countries" in the past two decades. Moreover, they suggest that developing countries with huge debts be assisted so that their economies can catch up with richer countries and integrate more effectively at an international level.
Regardless of what IMV affirms, if the benefits of globalisation are to be more evenly spread, the goal of reducing world poverty needs to be reprioritised. If this means imposing rules and standards on multinational companies that are acceptable internationally, then this will need to be done sooner rather than later. At this stage, the multinationals and their shareholders appear to be the only winners. The backlash against globalisation has already begun. [br] Multinational companies have grown in size, but the local workers are not happy with their conditions.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2863177.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]M:Dennis!Isthatreallyyou?Whatasurprise!W:Oh,yes.(19)It’
[originaltext]M:Dennis!Isthatreallyyou?Whatasurprise!W:Oh,yes.(19)It’
[originaltext]M:Dennis!Isthatreallyyou?Whatasurprise!W:Oh,yes.(19)It’
SecurityexpertswerenotsurprisedbytheFBI’swarninglastweekthatmore
SecurityexpertswerenotsurprisedbytheFBI’swarninglastweekthatmore
SecurityexpertswerenotsurprisedbytheFBI’swarninglastweekthatmore
SecurityexpertswerenotsurprisedbytheFBI’swarninglastweekthatmore
Lifeisfullofdangersandsurprises.Yourhousemayburn【C1】______.Youma
Lifeisfullofdangersandsurprises.Yourhousemayburn【C1】______.Youma
Lifeisfullofdangersandsurprises.Yourhousemayburn【C1】______.Youma
随机试题
Onsuchasunnymorningwithspringintheair,shewasreally______aromanticw
某商场项目设计文件中,中庭总高度为30m,该区域内采用10mm厚钢化玻璃全玻璃栏
为了改进应用软的可靠性和可维护性,为了适应未来的软硬件环境的变化而进行的行为属于
以整个建设项目或建筑群为编制对象,用以指导其施工全过程各项施工活动的综合技术经济
下列基金销售机构的基金销售行为的说法中,错误的是( )。A.不能以排挤竞争对手
关于人事经理角色是否重新定位,说法错误的是()。A.是否由单一的亚角色转变为一重
以下不是缺口分析的局限性的一项是()。A.忽略了同一时段内不同头寸的到期时
银行对不良个人住房贷款应采取电话催收、信函催收、上门催收、通过中介催收、法律手段
因债务人怠于行使其债权或者与该债权有关的从权利,影响债权人的到期债权实现的,债权
一精神病患者言语支离破碎、词句之间缺乏联系,因而别人无法理解其意义,该症状是A.
最新回复
(
0
)