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  3. Kazuko Nakane’s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central Californ

Kazuko Nakane’s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central Californ

游客2023-07-21  23
问题     Kazuko Nakane’s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central California’s Pajaro Valley focuses on the development of farming communities there from 1890 to 1940. The Issei(first-generation immigrants)were brought into the Pajaro Valley to raise sugar beets. Like Issei laborers in American cities, Japanese men in rural areas sought employment via the "boss" system. The system comprised three elements: immigrant wage laborers; Issei boardinghouses where laborers stayed; and labor con tractors, who gathered workers for a particular job and then negotiated a contract between workers and employer. This same system was originally utilized by the Chinese laborers who had preceded the Japanese. A related institution was the "labor club , "which provided job information and negotiated employment contracts and other legal matters, such as the rental of land, for Issei who chose to belong and  paid an annual fee to the cooperative for membership.
    When the local sugar beet industry collapsed in 1902, the Issei began to lease land from the valley’s strawberry farmers. The Japanese provided the labor and the crop was divided between laborers and landowners. The Issei began to operate farms, they began to marry and start families, forming an established Japanese American community. Unfortunately, the Issei’s efforts to attain agricultural independence were hampered by govern ment restrictions, such as the Alien Land Law of 1913. But immigrants could circumvent such exclusionary laws by leasing or purchasing land in their American-born children’s names.
    Nakane’s case study of one rural Japanese American community provides valuable information a bout the lives and experiences of the Issei. It is, however, too particularistic. This limitation derives from Nakane’s methodology that of oral history which cannot substitute for a broader theoretical or comparative perspective. Furture research might well consider two issues raised by her study: were the Issei of the Pajaro Valley similar to or different from Issei in urban settings, and what variations existed between rural Japanese American communities? [br] The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.
选项 A、defend a controversial hypothesis presented in a history of early Japanese immigrants to California
B、dismiss a history of an early Japanese settlement in California as narrow and ill constructed
C、summarize and critique a history of an early Japanese settlement in California
D、compare a history of one Japanese American community with studies of Japanese settlements throughout California
答案 C
解析 主旨题。主要目的：A项捍卫一有争议的设想。不符合作者总体叙述。B项贬低一段历史，原文没有相应的文字支持。C项正确。总结以及批评关于加州早期日本移民的一段历史，即作者对Nakane研究成果的总结和评论。D项比较一历史著作和另一研究，原文没有相应的文字支持。
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