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  3. In the view of the primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, the extraordi

In the view of the primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, the extraordi

游客2023-07-19  24
问题     In the view of the primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, the extraordinary social skills of an infant are at the heart of what makes us human. Through its ability to secure the attentive care not just of its mother but of many others, a baby promotes many of the behaviors and emotions that we prize in ourselves and that often distinguish us from other animals, including a willingness to share, to cooperate with strangers, to relax one’s guard.
    As Dr. Hrdy argues in her latest book Mothers and Others： The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding, human babies are so dependent on their elders for such a long time that humanity would never have made it without a break from the great ape model of child-rearing. Chimpanzee and gorilla mothers are capable of rearing their offspring pretty much through their own powers, but human mothers are not.
    Our capacity to cooperate in groups, to empathize with others and to wonder what others are thinking and feeling—all these traits. Dr. Hrdy argues, probably arose in response to the selective pressures of being in a cooperatively breeding social group, and the need to trust and rely on others and be deemed trustworthy and reliable in turn. Dr. Hrdy points out that mother chimpanzees and gorillas jealously hold on to their infants for the first six months or more of life. Other females may express real interest in the newborn, but the mother does not let go. By contrast, human mothers in virtually every culture studied allow others to hold their babies from birth onward, to a greater or lesser extent depending on tradition.
    Dr. Hrdy wrote her book in part to counter what she sees as the reigning dogma (教条) among evolutionary scholars that humans evolved their extreme sociality and cooperative behavior to better compete with other humans. "I’m not comfortable accepting this idea that the origins of hypersociality can be found in warfare, or that in-group amity (友好关系) arose in the interest of out-group enmity," she said in a telephone interview. [br] In her book, Dr. Hrdy shows that human .
选项 A、develop their ability to compete with others
B、don’t communicate and cooperate to compete with others
C、can promote their social ability in warfare
D、cooperate for the sake of out-group enmity
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。定位句表明了Hrdy博士写书的目的之一是驳斥进化论学者的教条观点一一人类合作是为了更好地竞争。由此可以推断，Hrdy认为人类合作并不是为了竞争，故B)“交流与合作不是为了与其他人竞争”为正确答案。
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