首页
登录
职称英语
Right and Left-handedness in Humans Why do humans,
Right and Left-handedness in Humans Why do humans,
游客
2023-07-15
57
管理
问题
Right and Left-handedness in Humans
Why do humans, virtually alone among all animal species, display a distinct left-or right-handedness? Not even our closest relatives among the apes possess such decided lateral asymmetry (不对称), as psychologists call it. Yet about 90 percent of every human population that has ever lived appears to have been right-handed. Professor Bryan Turner at Deakin University has studied the research literature on left-handedness and found that handedness goes with sidedness. So nine out of ten people are right-handed and eight are right-footed. He noted that this distinctive asymmetry in the human population is itself systematic. Humans think in categories: black and white, up and down, left and fight. It’s a system of signs that enables us to categorize phenomena that are essentially ambiguous (含糊不清的).
Research has shown that there is genetic or inherited element to handedness. But while left- handedness tends to run in families, neither left nor fight handers will automatically produce off- spring with the same handedness; in fact about 6 percent of children with two fight-handed parents will be left-handed. However, among two left-handed parents, perhaps 40 percent of the children will also be left-handed. With one fight and one left-handed parent, 15 to 20 percent of the offspring will be left-handed. Even among identical twins who have exactly the same genes, one in six pairs will differ in their handedness.
What then makes people left-handed if it is not simply genetic? Other factors must be at work and researchers have turned to the brain for clues. In .the 1860s the French surgeon and anthropologist (人类学家), Dr. Paul Broca, made the remarkable finding that patients who had lost their powers of speech as a result of a stroke (a blood clot in the brain) had paralysis (瘫痪) of the right half of their body. He noted that since the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body, and vice versa, the brain damage must have been in the brain’s left hemisphere, Psychologists now believe that among right handed people, probably 95 percent have their language centre in the left hemisphere, while 5 percent have right-sided language. Left-handers, however, do not show the reverse pattern but instead a majority also have left hemisphere language.
Dr. Brinkman, a brain researcher at the Australian National University in Canberra, has suggested that evolution of speech went with right-handed preference. According to Brinkman, as the brain evolved, one side became specialized for free control of movement (necessary for producing speech) and along with this evolution came right-hand preference. According to Brinkman, most left-handers have left hemisphere dominance but also some capacity in the right hemisphere. She has observed that if a left-handed person is brain-damaged in the left hemisphere, the recovery of speech is quite often better and this is explained by the fact that left-handers have a more bilateral (双边的) speech function. In her studies of macaque (猕猴) monkeys, Brinkman has noticed that primates (monkeys) seem to learn a hand preference from their mother in the first year of life but this could be one hand or the other. In humans, however, the specialization in function of the two hemispheres results in anatomical (人体的) differences; areas that are involved with the production of speech are usually larger on the left side than on the right. Since monkeys have not acquired the art of speech, one would not expect to see such a variation but Brinkman claims to have discovered a trend in monkeys towards the asymmetry that is evident in the human brain,
Two American researchers, Geschwind and Galaburda, studied the brains of human embryos and discovered that the left-right asymmetry exists before birth. But as the brain develops, a number of things can affect it. Every brain is initially female in its organization and it only becomes a male brain when the male foetus (胎儿) begins to secrete hormones, Geschwind and Galaburda knew that different parts of the brain mature at different rates; the right hemisphere develops first, then the left. Moreover, a girl’s brain develops somewhat faster than that of a boy. So, if something happens to the brain’s development during pregnancy, it is more likely to be affected in a male and the hemisphere more likely to be involved is the left. The brain may become, less lateralized (单侧性的) and this in turn could result in left-handedness and the development of certain superior skills that have their origins in the left hemisphere such as logic, rationality and abstraction. It should be no surprise then that among mathematicians and architects, left-handers tend to be more common and there are more left-handed males than females.
The results of this research may be some consolation to left-handers who have for centuries lived in a world designed to suit right-handed people. However, what is alarming, according to Mr. Charles Moore, a writer and journalist, is the way the word "right" reinforces its own virtue. Subliminally, he says, language tells people to think that anything on the right can be trusted while anything on the left is dangerous or even sinister (险恶的). However, as more research is undertaken on the causes of left handedness, attitudes towards left-handed people are gradually changing for the better. Indeed when the champion tennis player Ivan Lendl was asked what the single thing improve his game, he said he would like to become a left-hander. [br] Identical twins have exactly the same genes and therefore they are the same in their handedness.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2839375.html
相关试题推荐
AccordingtothereportoftheUnitedNations,humansshould______(为全球变暖负责).be
【S1】[br]【S8】H上文有一句话:Wehumanscanonlyseecertainwavelengthsoflight,andhe
RightandLeft-handednessinHumansWhydohumans,
RightandLeft-handednessinHumansWhydohumans,
RightandLeft-handednessinHumansWhydohumans,
RightandLeft-handednessinHumansWhydohumans,
RightandLeft-handednessinHumansWhydohumans,
Bloodisvitaltomaintainingastablebodytemperature;inhumans,bodytem
Bloodisvitaltomaintainingastablebodytemperature;inhumans,bodytem
Bloodisvitaltomaintainingastablebodytemperature;inhumans,bodytem
随机试题
M22ProjectaSuccessThehighlypublicizedM22project,undertakenbytheN
Vernalpoolsareamongthemost(i)______ofponds:theyformasaresultofsno
在强化学习中,强化物来自外部环境,即只存在外部强化一种形式。
证券经营机构从事证券自营业务不得有()行为。 Ⅰ.将自营业务与代理业务混合操
电力电缆在高温大负荷期间,应定期检查负荷电流不超过额定电流。
下列家庭教育做法中,哪种做法是较为合理的?( )A.在孩子未成年时,父母全身心
实施培训计划,提高教学质量,确保教学工作顺利进行,实现培训总目标的具体的执行性和
强迫障碍又称为强迫症,是一组以强迫动作、强迫行为、强迫思维、强迫意向为主要临床表
如果经济运行处在低谷时的经济增长率为正值,即经济总量GDP只是相对减少,而非绝对
银行承兑汇票的承兑银行,应当按照票面金额向出票人收取()的手续费。A:千分之一
最新回复
(
0
)