首页
登录
职称英语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
游客
2023-07-04
23
管理
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can【C1】______performance at work and school. Cognitive(认知学派的)researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on【C2】______and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters,【C3】______among educators. But the careful use of small【C4】______rewards sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激)indeed【C5】______inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively【C6】______task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it’s easy to【C7】______creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for【C8】______achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and【C9】______failing grades.
In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows【C10】______in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid E)hope
F)especially G)aid H)ordinary I)approval J)monetary
K)generally L)improve M)challenging N)restore O)excellent [br] 【C6】
选项
答案
M
解析
此处应填形容词修饰task。从原文来看,如果孩子们知道他们在为获得奖励而努力,并能专注于相对——的任务,他们就会表现出最大的创造力,因此只有challenging符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2806726.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Somepsychologistsmaintainthatmentalactssuchasthinking
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
[originaltext]M:[9]TheRepublicanPartyinAmericaisopposingstemcellresear
[originaltext]M:[9]TheRepublicanPartyinAmericaisopposingstemcellresear
[originaltext]M:[9]TheRepublicanPartyinAmericaisopposingstemcellresear
BritishpsychologistshavefoundevidenceofalinkbetweenexcessiveIntern
随机试题
Thenewdesignedbedroomseemstobeagreatdeallargerthan_______.A、itisne
Howmuchmuseumgoersknowaboutartmakeslittledifferenceinhowtheyenga
[originaltext]Thefirstyearofcollegeisoneofthebestandthemostinte
[originaltext]Dreamsareexpressionsofthoughts,feelingsandeventsthatp
与以吃交好、以吃释怨、以饮消愁的中式宴饮方式不同,西式冷餐会、自助餐提供了自由宽
试回答涂层理化性能试验的问题。(5)试验样品规格为()。A.A1:涂层厚度
学前儿童语言教育的途径主要有四个方面,其中()是当前儿童获得语言经验的主要教育
人工主动免疫的方法是注射()。A.丙种球蛋白 B.抗毒素 C.特异性免疫球
地下水污染的水利控制技术包括( )。A.抽注地下水 B.排出地下水 C.设
《医疗废物管理条例》规定,医疗机构和医疗废物处置单位应对医疗废物进行登记,登
最新回复
(
0
)