首页
登录
职称英语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
游客
2023-07-04
25
管理
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can【C1】______performance at work and school. Cognitive(认知学派的)researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on【C2】______and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters,【C3】______among educators. But the careful use of small【C4】______rewards sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激)indeed【C5】______inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively【C6】______task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it’s easy to【C7】______creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for【C8】______achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and【C9】______failing grades.
In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows【C10】______in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid E)hope
F)especially G)aid H)ordinary I)approval J)monetary
K)generally L)improve M)challenging N)restore O)excellent [br] 【C3】
选项
答案
F
解析
此处应填副词。可选项有generally和especially,但从文章后面所举的例子来理解,此处是为了突出强调教育家支持认知派研究专家的看法,因此只有especially“尤其,特别”符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2806723.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Somepsychologistsmaintainthatmentalactssuchasthinking
[originaltext]Somepsychologistsmaintainthatmentalactssuchasthinking
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
[originaltext]M:[9]TheRepublicanPartyinAmericaisopposingstemcellresear
BritishpsychologistshavefoundevidenceofalinkbetweenexcessiveIntern
BritishpsychologistshavefoundevidenceofalinkbetweenexcessiveIntern
BritishpsychologistshavefoundevidenceofalinkbetweenexcessiveIntern
随机试题
Asthemountainswerecoveredwitha______ofcloud,wecouldn’tseetheirtops
[originaltext]W:Hi,Mike,doyouhaveaminutetospare?M:Yes,Sherry,howc
AntIntelligenceA)Whenwethinkofintelligentmemb
关于城市合理规模的论点,以下哪项有误?( )A.与国家生产力发展水平和科技水平
下面哪种结构代表了最优的公司治理结构?[f67afe29f0e359eeda9b
下列心脏杂音的产生机制,正确的是A.随着血液黏稠度的增加,不仅产生杂音而且强度增
中国神魔小说来源于鲁迅的提法,该类小说在明清时期较为兴盛。下列不属于神魔小说的著
(2015年真题)关于互换合约,以下表述正确的是()。A.利率互换通常伴随
引起心脏骤停的最常见的病因是()。A.先天性心脏病 B.风湿性心脏病 C.
某医院护理部要求,各科室提交的工作计划应根据医院的总体工作目标制定护理工作的总目
最新回复
(
0
)