首页
登录
职称英语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
游客
2023-07-04
24
管理
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can【C1】______performance at work and school. Cognitive(认知学派的)researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on【C2】______and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters,【C3】______among educators. But the careful use of small【C4】______rewards sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激)indeed【C5】______inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively【C6】______task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it’s easy to【C7】______creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for【C8】______achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and【C9】______failing grades.
In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows【C10】______in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid E)hope
F)especially G)aid H)ordinary I)approval J)monetary
K)generally L)improve M)challenging N)restore O)excellent [br] 【C3】
选项
答案
F
解析
此处应填副词。可选项有generally和especially,但从文章后面所举的例子来理解,此处是为了突出强调教育家支持认知派研究专家的看法,因此只有especially“尤其,特别”符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2806723.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Somepsychologistsmaintainthatmentalactssuchasthinking
[originaltext]Somepsychologistsmaintainthatmentalactssuchasthinking
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
Urbanlifehasalwaysinvolvedabalancingofopportunitiesandrewardsagai
[originaltext]M:[9]TheRepublicanPartyinAmericaisopposingstemcellresear
BritishpsychologistshavefoundevidenceofalinkbetweenexcessiveIntern
BritishpsychologistshavefoundevidenceofalinkbetweenexcessiveIntern
BritishpsychologistshavefoundevidenceofalinkbetweenexcessiveIntern
随机试题
Ifyouexhibitpositivetraitssuchashonestyandhelpfulness,thechances
Anysufficientlyadvancedtechnology,not
()高清晰度电视是一个透明系统,一个正常视力的观众在距该系统显示屏高度的倍距离上
关于下肢静脉的解剖特点,下列选项不正确的是A.大隐静脉起自足背静脉网内侧,沿下肢
上述各项,属法定甲类传染病的是( )。A.风疹 B.流行性感冒 C.霍乱
皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征之气营两燔证的治疗方剂为( )。A.败毒散 B.桑杏汤
对成膜材料的要求不包括A:成膜、脱膜性能好 B:成膜后有足够的强度和韧性 C
2004年,该县的第三产业的实收资本是()。A.96049.6万元 B
某总建筑面积为5000m2的商场,采用干式自动喷水灭火系统,该系统的作用面积不应
一住店客人未付房钱即想离开旅馆去车站。旅馆服务员揪住他不让走,并打报警电话。客人
最新回复
(
0
)