首页
登录
职称英语
There is, writes Daniele Fanelli in a recent issue of Nature, something rott
There is, writes Daniele Fanelli in a recent issue of Nature, something rott
游客
2023-06-30
56
管理
问题
There is, writes Daniele Fanelli in a recent issue of Nature, something rotten in the state of scientific research—"an epidemic of false, biased, and falsified findings" where "only the most egregious cases of misconduct are discovered and punished." Fanelli is a leading thinker in an increasingly alarming field of scientific research: one that seeks to find out why it is that so much scientific research turns out to be wrong.
For a long time the focus has either been on industry funding as a source of bias, particularly in drug research, or on those who deliberately commit fraud, such as the spectacular case of Diederik Stapel, a Dutch social psychologist who was found to have fabricated at least 55 research papers over 20 years. But an increasing number of studies have shown that flawed research is a much wider phenomenon, especially in the biomedical sciences. Indeed, the investigation into Stapel also blamed a "sloppy" research culture that often ignored inconvenient data and misunderstood important statistical methods.
"There’s little question that the [scientific] literature is awash(充斥着)in false findings—findings that if you try to replicate you’ll probably never succeed or at least find them to be different from what was initially said," says Fanelli. "But people don’t appreciate that this is not because scientists are manipulating these results, consciously or unconsciously; it’s largely because we have a system that favors statistical flukes (侥幸) instead of replicable findings. "
This is why, he says, we need to extend the idea of academic misconduct (currently limited to fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism) to "distorted reporting"—the failure to communicate all the information someone would need to validate your findings. Right now, he says, we’re missing all the "unconscious biases, the systemic biases... the practices, mistakes, and problems that hardly ever count as cheating, even though they have a very important—and probably the largest—effect on creating technically false results in the literature. "
One particularly challenging bias is that academic journals tend to publish only positive results. As Isabelle Boutron, a professor of epidemiology at Ren6 Descartes University in Paris, points out, studies have shown that peer reviewers are influenced by trial results; one study showed that they not only favored a paper showing a positive effect over a near-identical paper showing no effect, they also gave the positive paper higher scores for its scientific methods. And Boutron has herself found extensive evidence of scientists spinning their findings to claim benefits that their actual results didn’t quite support.
"We need a major cultural change," says Fanelli. "But when you think that, even 20 years ago, these issues were practically never discussed, I think we’re making considerable progress." [br] According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
选项
A、Academic misconduct is limited on industry funding and academic fraud.
B、Conscious manipulation of scientists is to blame for the increasingly false findings.
C、Positive research findings won’t bring about fame for scientists.
D、Fanelli still feels confident about the prospect.
答案
D
解析
细节题。文章最后法内利坦言虽然我们需要文化大改革,但是总体而言进步很大,说明他对前景还是很乐观的。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2795486.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Ateamofscientistsrecentlybeganaprojecttomeasurethe
[originaltext]Ateamofscientistsrecentlybeganaprojecttomeasurethe
[originaltext]Ateamofscientistsrecentlybeganaprojecttomeasurethe
[originaltext]W:Bob,willyoutellmesomethingaboutthenewintelligenthous
[originaltext]W:Bob,willyoutellmesomethingaboutthenewintelligenthous
[originaltext]TherecentlyreleasedreportfromtheInternationalAgencyfo
近几年来,庙会已经成为人们欣赏民间艺术和体验传统文化的首选之地。Inrecentyears,templefairshavebecomeaprio
Forthousandsofyears,peoplethoughtofglassassomethingbeautifultolo
Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputers
Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputers
随机试题
Thetrainwill______fromPlatform2at3:45onTuesdaymorning.A、departB、arriv
[originaltext]M:Somedecadesagomymotherwasreplacedbyacomputer.Herjob
[originaltext]W:Howlonghaveyoubeeninourcountry?M:Ijustarrivedtwod
Eachoftheninesquaresmarked1Ato3Cinthegridshouldincorporateallthe
按建筑结构分类,建筑物可分为木结构、()建筑等。A.砖木结构 B.砖混结构
进行材料核算,应做好以下基础工作:()。A.材料费付费审核 B.建立和健全材
电光性眼炎治疗原则是A.抗感染治疗 B.防止感染 C.减轻疼痛 D.促进角
胃可以吸收部分营养素。( )
根据所给图表资料回答问题 2011年7月产量低于上半年月均产
综观国内外的局势,21世纪头20年,是我国全面建设小康社会必须紧紧抓住并且可以大
最新回复
(
0
)